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. 2023 Jan 21;25(8):1431–1439. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad013

Table 2.

Distribution of Characteristics Used to Define Pack Origin by Country of Origin

Country of origin Characteristics used to define pack origin
Health warnings only (%) Health warning and producer (%) Producer only (%) Producer and brand (%) Special duty-free marking only (%) Tax stamp only (%) Tax stamp and health warning (%) Total (n; [%])
Armenia 100 100 (1)
Belarus 0.1 17.4 0.7 81.8 100 (1492)
Belgium 100 100 (1)
Denmark 50 50 100 (2)
Duty-Free 100 100 (77)
Egypt 50 50 100 (2)
Georgia 100 100 (1)
Germany 40 60 100 (5)
Greek 100 100 (1)
Italy 100 100 (1)
Korea 100 100 (1)
Latvia 50 50 100 (4)
Lithuania 4.3 95.7 100 (3968)
The Netherlands 100 100 (1)
Norway 50 50 100 (4)
Poland 50 50 100 (2)
Russia 2.6 46.1 32.2 17.4 1.7 100 (115)
Serbia 100 100 (12)
Switzerland 50 50 100 (2)
United Kingdom 100 100 (3)
Ukraine 50 30 100 (10)
Total (%) 3.3 1.0 5.4 0.2 1.4 21.8 66.5 100 (5705) *

*We were not able to determine the origin of 22 packs.