Table 3.
Analysis of Discarded Cigarette Packs
| Groups | Unweighted | Weighted | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Packs collected (n) | Illicit packs (%) | 95% CI | Packs collected (n) | Illicit packs (%) | 95% CI | |
| Total | 5727 | 28.9 | 27.7 to 30.1 | 6147 | 29.8 | 28.7 to 30.9 |
| Type of residential area | ||||||
| Cities | 5017 | 28.8 | 27.6 to 30.1 | 4119 | 28.9 | 27.5 to 30.3 |
| Townships | 710 | 29.6 | 26.2 to 33.1 | 2028 | 31.7 | 29.7 to 33.7 |
| Chi-squared (χ2) test | p = .678 | p = .022 | ||||
| Type of municipality | ||||||
| Border | 897 | 27.2 | 24.3 to 30.2 | 1178 | 33.5 | 30.8 to 32.6 |
| Non-border | 4830 | 29.2 | 28.0 to 30.5 | 4969 | 28.9 | 27.6 to 30.2 |
| Chi-squared (χ2) test | p = .218 | p = .002 | ||||
| Border | ||||||
| Municipalities with a state border with Latvia | 386 | 25.91 | 21.6 to 30.6 | 432 | 31.91 | 27.5 to 36.3 |
| Municipalities with a state border with Belarus | 200 | 37.02 | 30.3 to 44.1 | 241 | 43.02 | 38.3 to 47.7 |
| Municipalities with a state border with Poland | 24 | 41.73 | 22.1 to 63.4 | 82 | 41.53 | 30.8 to 52.2 |
| Municipalities with a state border with Russia (Kaliningrad) | 336 | 22.04 | 17.7 to 26.8 | 348 | 22.74 | 18.3 to 27.1 |
| Municipalities with no border | 4830 | 29.2 | 28.0 to 30.5 | 4969 | 28.9 | 27.6 to 30.2 |
| Chi-squared (χ2) test | Comparison of discarded cigarette packs collected in the municipality with state border and packs collected in municipalities with no border; Unweighted 1p = .166; 2p = .018; 3p = .182; 4p = .005; Weighted 1p = .185; 2p < .001; 3p = .013; 4p = .013 | |||||
| Pack collection round | ||||||
| Round 1 (September–November 2019) | 810 | 29.8 | 26.6 to 33.0 | 899 | 28.8 | 25.8 to 31.8 |
| Round 2 (February–March 2020) | 388 | 38.7* | 33.8 to 43.7 | 194 | 38.7* | 31.8 to 45.6 |
| Round 3 (June–September 2020) | 4529 | 27.9 | 26.6 to 29.3 | 5054 | 29.6 | 28.3 to 30.9 |
| Z-test with Bonferroni correction | * p < .05 significant difference between Round1 and Round2; Round2 and Round3 | |||||
| coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown | ||||||
| Before the lockdown (September 2019–March 2020) | 1198 | 32.6 | 30.0 to 35.4 | 1093 | 30.6 | 27.9 to 33.3 |
| After the lockdown (June–September 2020) | 4529 | 27.9 | 26.6 to 29.3 | 5054 | 29.6 | 28.3 to 30.9 |
| Chi-squared (χ2) test | p = .001 | p = .550 | ||||
CI = confidence interval.