Table 1. . Comparison of laboratory parameters between mild and severe patients infected with COVID-19.
| Variables | Mild patients (n = 188) | Severe patients (n = 142) | Control group (n = 160) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years) ± SD | 53.8 ± 11.8 | 55.7 ± 11.7 | 54.9 ± 11.5 | 0.755 |
| Sex (male/female) | 108/80 (57.4/42.6%) | 66/76 (46.5/53.5%) | 82/78 (51.2/48.8%) | 0.171 |
| ALT, IU/l (mean ± SD) (reference range: 5–40) | 32.4 ± 24.5 | 46.1 ± 26.4 | 28.8 ± 19.3 | <0.001† |
| AST, IU/l (mean ± SD) (reference range: 5–40) | 29.2 ± 12.5 | 36.8 ± 14.9 | 27.6 ± 16.1 | <0.001† |
| ALP, IU/l (mean ± SD) (reference range: up to 306) | 124.7 ± 55.2 | 210.2 ± 68.7 | 145.8 ± 51.6 | <0.001† |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl (mean ± SD) (reference range: 50–200) | 127.8 ± 39.5 | 119.9 ± 50.8 | 151.9 ± 43.8 | 0.051 |
| TG, mg/dl (mean ± SD) (reference range: 60–165) | 135.4 ± 58.1 | 106.2 ± 35.2 | 148.2 ± 58.9 | 0.005† |
| LDL, mg/dl (mean ± SD) (reference range: up to 150) | 127.9 ± 41.3 | 58.4 ± 18.1 | 112.8 ± 31.1 | <0.001† |
| HDL, mg/dl (mean ± SD) (reference range: >40) | 33.1 ± 11.1 | 31.7 ± 10.7 | 39.5 ± 13.6 | 0.358 |
| WBC, 109/l (mean ± SD) (reference range: 4000–10000) | 7647.1 ± 2906.6 | 7691.8 ± 2810.5 | 6713.1 ± 2012.3 | 0.737 |
| CRP, mg/l (mean ± SD) (reference range: <10 mg/l negative) | 59.4 ± 21.5 | 75.5 ± 19.5 | 8.9 ± 2.2 | <0.001† |
| ESR, mm/1st h (mean ± SD) (reference range: 0–15) | 49.1 ± 16.5 | 74.3 ± 14.9 | 10.1 ± 4.2 | <0.001† |
| FBS, mg/dl (mean ± SD) (reference range: 70–100) | 106.2 ± 43.4 | 119.4 ± 51.3 | 98.3 ± 27.7 | 0.043† |
| Platelets × 1000/cumm (mean ± SD) (reference range: 140,000–400,000) | 188 ± 85 | 194 ± 73 | 185 ± 81 | 0.190 |
| T3, ng/dL (mean ± SD) (reference range: 2.3–4.2) | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.596 |
| T4, mcg/dl (mean ± SD) (reference range: 5.6–13.7) | 10.0 ± 4.7 | 8.0 ± 4.1 | 11.4 ± 5.9 | 0.350 |
| TSH, mu/l (mean ± SD) (reference range: 0.4–4.5) | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 3.7 ± 1.9 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 0.853 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl (mean ± SD) (reference range: 3.6–6.8) | 6.0 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 1.6 | <0.001† |
| Creatinine, mg/dl (mean ± SD) (reference range: 0.6–1.4) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | <0.001† |
| 25-hydroxy vitamin D, ng/ml (mean ± SD) (sufficiency: 21–150) | 33.9 ± 13.6 | 25.3 ± 9.7 | 42.2 ± 14.3 | <0.001† |
| Real-time PCR Ct values | 27.3 ± 8.5 | 11.9 ± 6.2 | – | 0.008† |
| SARS-CoV-2 variants | <0.001† | |||
| Alpha | 56 (29.8%) | 47 (33.1%) | – | |
| Delta | 23 (12.2%) | 78 (54.9%) | – | |
| Omicron BA.5 | 109 (58.0%) | 17 (12.0%) | – |
†
Statistically significant (<0.05).
ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Ct: Cycle threshold; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FBS: Fasting blood glucose; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; SD: Standard deviation; TG: Triglyceride; T3: Triiodothyronine; T4: Thyroxine; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; WBC: White blood cell.