| (NK) | natural killer |
| (TAMs) | tumor associated macrophages |
| (DDS) | drug delivery system |
| (CTLs) | cytotoxic T lymphocytes |
| (DAMPs) | damage associated molecular patterns |
| (PRRs) | pattern recognition receptors |
| (APCs) | antigen-presenting cells |
| (DCs) | dendritic cells |
| (TNF) | tumor necrosis factor |
| (CAR)-engineered T cells | chimeric antigen receptor |
| (CAR)-engineered T cells (CAR-T) | chimeric antigen receptor |
| (TCRs) | T cell receptors |
| (MHC) | major histocompatibility complex |
| (PD-1) | programmed cell death protein 1 |
| (PD-L1) | programmed cell death ligand 1 |
| (FasL) | Fas ligand |
| (CD95L) | FasL |
| (CD95) | Fas |
| (IFN) | interferon |
| (CTLA-4) | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 |
| (aAPC) | artificial APCs |
| (pMHC-I) | peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex Class I |
| (αCD28) | anti-CD28 |
| (naAPCs) | nanodimensional artificial antigen presenting cells |
| (CHA) | chlorogenic acid |
| (SMEDDS) | self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems |
| (STING) | stimulator of interferon genes |
| (MUSIC) | microbubble-assisted ultrasound-guided immunotherapy of cancer |
| (cGAMP) | cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate |
| (TNFRSF5) | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 |
| (TNFRSF9) | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 |
| (TRAF) | TNF receptor-associated factor |
| (MAPK) | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| (IL-2) | interleukin 2 |
| (Gal-1) | galectin-1 |
| (VISTA) | V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation |
| (TIGIT) | T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains |
| (GITR) | glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein |
| (TNFRSF4) | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 |
| (PD-L2) | programmed cell death ligand 2 |
| (CpG-ODN) | cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides |
| (ssDNA) | single-stranded DNA |
| nanoparticles (NPs) | |
| (TGMS) nanoparticles | triglycerol monostearate |
| (TGMS NPs) | |
| (MMPs) | matrix metalloproteinases |
| (TME) | tumor microenvironment |
| (GBM) | glioblastoma multiforme |
| (TNFRSF18, CD357) | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 18 |
| (ESCC) | esophageal squamous cell carcinoma |
| (PLGA) | Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) |
| (ITAM) | immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif |
| (LFA-1) | lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 |
| (Mac-1) | macrophage-1 antigen |
| (VLA-4; CD49d/CD29) | integrin very late antigen-4 |
| (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand | tumor necrosis factor |
| (TRAIL) | |
| (GSDMB) | gasdermin B |
| (NKSF) | Natural killer cell stimulatory factor |
| (TGF-β) | transforming growth factor-β |
| (PG) | prostaglandins |
| (KIRs) | killer immunoglobulin-like receptors |
| (ICI) | immune checkpoint inhibitors |
| (TIM-3) | T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing molecule 3 |
| (LAG-3) | lymphocyte activation gene-3 |
| (EGFR) | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| (AML) | acute myeloid leukemia |
| (nano-TriNKE) | nanoparticle-based trispecific NK cell engager |
| (PEG-PLGA) | Poly (ethylene glycol)–block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) |
| (NKCE) | NK cell engager |
| (HR-MDS) | high risk-myelodysplastic syndrome |
| (oNK) | oNK cell line |
| (BiKE) | NK cell-targeted bispecific antibodies |
| (MRD) | minimal residual disease |
| (NSCLC) | non-small-cell lung cancer |
| (CSF-1) | Colony stimulating factor 1 |
| (LPS) | Lipopolysaccharide |
| (GM-CSF) | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| (ROS) | reactive oxygen species |
| (NO) | nitric oxide |
| (Th1) | type 1 helper T |
| (HIF) | hypoxia inducible factor |
| (VEGF) | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| (FRβ) | Folate receptors β |
| (AuNPs) | gold nanoparticle |
| (MARCO) | macrophage receptor with collagen structure |
| (TLR2) | toll-like receptor 2 |
| (cGAS-STING) | the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes |
| (cGAMP) | 2’3’ cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate |
| (EPR) | enhanced permeability and retention |