Table 3. Mean and standard deviation of anthropometric profiles by metabolic syndrome factors in the Bushehr aging health study participants.
NC, neck circumference; WC, waist circumference; HC, hip circumference; ABSI, A body shape index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; AVI, abdominal volume index; WTI, waist triglyceride index; BAI, body adiposity index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fast blood glucose; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, metabolic equivalents
*Mann-Whitney U test
| Variable | Phase | NC | WC | HC | ABSI | WHR | AVI | WTI | BAI | |
| Underweight | Phase 1 | Yes | - | 70.41 ± 6.14 | 85.10 ± 4.99 | 0.005 ± 0.0009 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 19.97 ± 3.52 | 72.13 ± 23.76 | 23.45 ± 3.44 |
| No | - | 91.98 ± 8.14 | 101.52 ± 9.12 | 0.003 ± 0.0008 | 0.89 ± 0.12 | 34.13 ± 36.85 | 151.61 ± 86.02 | 33.78 ± 6.68 | ||
| P-value* | - | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Phase 2 | Yes | 32.76 ± 2.623.59 | 71.51 ± 6.83 | 84.81 ± 3.70 | 0.005 ± 0.001 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 20.62 ± 3.94 | 25.17 ± 70.72 | 24.28 ± 4.12 | |
| No | 37.09 ± 3.59 | 89.64 ± 11.60 | 102.92 ± 9.92 | 0.003 ± 0.0008 | 0.96 ± 0.08 | 39.93 ± 9.09 | 154.75 ± 84.19 | 33.82 ± 7.24 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Overweight | Phase 1 | Yes | - | 91.77 ± 6.07 | 101.37 ± 4.69 | 0.002 ± 0.0003 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 33.82 ± 4.44 | 159.26 ± 87.00 | 32.39 ± 4.61 |
| No | - | 89.64 ± 11.60 | 100.99 ± 11.52 | 0.19 ± 7.60 | 0.89 ± 0.14 | 33.78 ± 47.15 | 143.17 ± 84.46 | 32.69 ± 7.91 | ||
| P-value | - | <0.001 | 0.22 | 0.38 | <0.001 | 0.97 | <0.001 | 0.19 | ||
| Phase 2 | Yes | 37.48 ± 3.43 | 99.32 ± 6.82 | 102.08 ± 5.21 | 0.003± 0.0003 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 39.64 ± 5.23 | 158.50 ± 83.31 | 32.81 ± 4.91 | |
| No | 36.66 ± 3.72 | 98.27 ± 14.69 | 102.93 ± 12.60 | 0.003 ± 0.0001 | 0.95 ± 0.09 | 39.49 ± 11.57 | 149.09 ± 84.73 | 34.23 ± 8.61 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.02 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.69 | 0.006 | <0.001 | ||
| Obesity | Phase 1 | Yes | - | 100.38 ± 7.56 | 112.19 ± 8.21 | 0.002 ± 0.0005 | 0.90 ± 0.21 | 43.21 ± 72.43 | 179.39 ± 96.26 | 39.60 ± 6.88 |
| No | - | 94.33 ± 9.58 | 97.59 ± 6.50 | 0.003 ± 0.0008 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 30.77 ± 5.62 | 140.28 ± 80.04 | 30.30 ± 4.91 | ||
| P-value | - | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.07 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Phase 2 | Yes | 38.36 ± 3.57 | 110.83 ± 9.47 | 113.87 ± 9.41 | 0.002 ± 0.0004 | 0.97 ± 0.11 | 49.49 ± 8.09 | 185.97 ± 89.70 | 40.84 ± 7.51 | |
| No | 36.51 ± 3.51 | 94.33 ± 9.58 | 98.47 ± 6.74 | 0.003 ± 0.0007 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 35.95 ± 6.95 | 141.18 ± 78.90 | 31.02 ± 5.18 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| SBP | Phase 1 | High | - | 91.96 ± 9.66 | 102.15 ± 9.71 | 0.009 ± 0.22 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 34.20 ± 7.15 | 159.36 ± 91.14 | 33.41 ± 7.10 |
| Normal | - | 89.61 ± 9.78 | 100.52 ± 9.10 | 0.18 ± 7.43 | 0.89 ± 0.14 | 33.56 ± 45.92 | 143.79 ± 81.91 | 32.06 ± 6.50 | ||
| P-value | - | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 0.64 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Phase 2 | High | 37.47 ± 3.60 | 100.64 ± 10.38 | 103.34 ± 10.38 | 0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 41.06 ± 9.47 | 162.58 ± 86.42 | 34.04 ± 7.35 | |
| Normal | 36.60 ± 3.59 | 97.08 ± 12.00 | 101.90 ± 9.92 | 0.003 ± 0.0008 | 0.95 ± 0.02 | 38.27 ± 9.17 | 145.04 ± 81.53 | 33.28 ± 7.26 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| DBP | Phase 1 | High | - | 93.47 ± 10.30 | 103.73 ± 11.22 | 0.002 ± 0.0008 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 35.36 ± 7.84 | 166.00 ± 96.25 | 33.97 ± 7.60 |
| Normal | - | 90.31 ± 9.74 | 100.97 ± 9.22 | 0.12 ± 6.04 | 0.89 ± 0.12 | 33.70 ± 37.53 | 148.66 ± 85.06 | 33.48 ± 6.70 | ||
| P-value | - | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.79 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.009 | 0.004 | ||
| Phase 2 | High | 37.84 ± 3.60 | 100.88 ± 12.56 | 103.84 ± 10.69 | 0.003 ± 0.0008 | 0.97 ± 0.08 | 41.33 ± 10.03 | 162.36 ± 83.86 | 33.60 ± 7.62 | |
| Normal | 36.73 ± 3.59 | 98.03 ± 11.75 | 102.16 ± 9.95 | 0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.96 ± 0.8 | 38.99 ± 9.14 | 150.16 ± 84.18 | 33.64 ± 7.21 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.89 | ||
| FBG | Phase 1 | High | - | 93.15 ± 9.14 | 101.80 ± 9.85 | 0.01 ± 0.31 | 0.92 ± 0.23 | 38.38 ± 80.86 | 193.68 ± 113.24 | 32.80 ± 7.36 |
| Normal | - | 89.86 ± 9.85 | 100.98 ± 9.24 | 0.13 ± 6.53 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 32.68 ± 7.12 | 138.95 ± 73.68 | 32.51 ± 6.61 | ||
| P-value | - | <0.001 | 0.59 | 0.64 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.35 | ||
| Phase 2 | High | 37.84 ± 3.68 | 101.53 ± 11.31 | 103.50 ± 10.42 | 0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 41.74 ± 9.34 | 197.55 ± 106.94 | 34.01 ± 7.43 | |
| Normal | 36.83 ± 3.59 | 98.13 ± 12.07 | 102.37 ± 10.09 | 0.003 ± 0.0007 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 39.10 ± 9.37 | 143.87 ± 75.55 | 33.55 ± 7.28 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.006 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.24 | ||
| TG | Phase 1 | High | - | 92.87 ± 8.99 | 102.63 ± 9.06 | 0.01 ± 0.23 | 0.91 ± 0.17 | 36.65 ± 60.12 | 230.34 ± 93.96 | 33.39 ± 6.86 |
| Normal | - | 89.19 ± 9.98 | 100.31 ± 9.44 | 0.17 ± 7.30 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 32.21 ± 7.17 | 104.91 ± 30.71 | 32.12 ± 6.67 | ||
| P-value | - | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.46 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Phase 2 | High | 37.43 ± 3.48 | 101.36 ± 11.05 | 104.31 ± 10.00 | 0.003 ± 0.0007 | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 41.58 ± 8.93 | 245.30 ± 85.70 | 34.64 ± 7.50 | |
| Normal | 36.80 ± 3.67 | 97.49 ± 12.24 | 101.76 ± 10.13 | 0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.95 ± 0.09 | 38.61 ± 9.49 | 110.29 ± 34.73 | 33.16 ± 7.18 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| TC | Phase 1 | High | - | 90.52 ± 9.84 | 101.59 ± 9.68 | 0.23 ± 8.45 | 0.89 ± 7.13 | 33.16 ± 7.13 | 168.44 ± 88.89 | 33.30 ± 6.90 |
| Normal | - | 90.48 ± 9.76 | 100.73 ± 9.06 | 0.006 ± 0.14 | 0.90 ± 0.15 | 34.39 ± 50.09 | 132.34 ± 79.09 | 31.90 ± 6.56 | ||
| P-value | - | 0.92 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.36 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Phase 2 | High | 36.47 ± 3.51 | 98.98 ± 11.86 | 103.42 ± 10.51 | 0.003 ± 0.0008 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 39.74 ± 9.28 | 181.57 ± 96.73 | 34.93 ± 7.30 | |
| Normal | 37.26 ± 3.65 | 38.59 ± 12.09 | 102.15 ± 9.96 | 0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.96 ± 0.09 | 39.46 ± 9.48 | 139.20 ± 73.51 | 33.00 ± 7.23 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | 0.45 | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.48 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| LDL-C | Phase 1 | High | - | 90.42 ± 9.73 | 101.22 ± 9.38 | 0.18 ± 7.53 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 33.08 ± 7.06 | 153.94 ± 76.14 | 32.84 ± 6.70 |
| Normal | - | 90.63 ± 9.90 | 101.01 ± 9.36 | 0.008 ± 0.16 | 0.90 ± 0.17 | 34.90 ± 57.33 | 143.19 ± 98.59 | 32.16 ± 6.84 | ||
| P-value | - | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.42 | 0.06 | 0.18 | <0.001 | 0.08 | ||
| Phase 2 | High | 36.73 ± 3.58 | 98.63 ± 11.85 | 102.71 ± 10.11 | 0.003 ± 0.0008 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 39.47 ± 9.28 | 160.57 ± 81.60 | 34.02 ± 7.20 | |
| Normal | 37.24 ± 3.64 | 98.80 ± 12.16 | 102.44 ± 10.21 | 0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.96 ± 0.09 | 39.63 ± 9.54 | 146.48 ± 86.02 | 33.28 ± 7.40 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | 0.72 | 0.52 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.66 | <0.001 | 0.01 | ||
| HDL-C | Phase 1 | High | - | 89.55 ± 10.11 | 101.12 ± 9.84 | 0.17 ± 7.17 | 0.88 ± 0.13 | 33.47 ± 44.35 | 131.78 ± 71.91 | 33.02 ± 6.97 |
| Normal | - | 92.42 ± 8.85 | 101.18 ± 8.35 | 0.003 ± 0.0008 | 0.91 ± 0.06 | 34.47 ± 6.60 | 185.79 ± 99.28 | 31.66 ± 6.22 | ||
| P-value | - | <0.001 | 0.88 | 0.46 | <0.001 | 0.48 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Phase 2 | High | 36.53 ± 3.56 | 98.31 ± 12.33 | 102.86 ± 10.73 | 0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.95 ± 0.09 | 39.26 ± 9.62 | 134.95 ± 66.63 | 34.34 ± 7.56 | |
| Normal | 37.87 ± 3.57 | 99.46 ± 11.38 | 102.03 ± 9.00 | 0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 40.08 ± 9.00 | 186.27 ± 101.33 | 32.33 ± 6.63 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.055 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.04 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| MetS | Phase 1 | High | - | 93.87 ± 8.66 | 103.56 ± 9.13 | 0.008 ± 0.19 | 0.91 ± 0.15 | 36.86 ± 51.13 | 192.42 ± 96.93 | 34.07 ± 6.92 |
| Normal | - | 88.79 ± 9.57 | 99.88 ± 9.16 | 0.008 ± 0.16 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 31.89 ± 6.79 | 111.35 ± 42.89 | 31.66 ± 6.42 | ||
| P-value | - | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.99 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Phase 2 | High | 37.39 ± 3.58 | 101.69 ± 10.47 | 104.39 ± 9.82 | 0.003 ± 0.0007 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 41.80 ± 8.62 | 182.77 ± 89.72 | 34.84 ± 7.33 | |
| Normal | 36.33 ± 3.60 | 93.56 ± 12.74 | 99.42 ± 9.96 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | 0.94 ± 0.10 | 35.66 ± 9.45 | 101.86 ± 36.22 | 31.54 ± 6.79 | ||
| P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||