Table 1.

Application of land-use change and landscape structure metrics in the sample cells at five time points, 1930s to 2000s

Land-use change
Code	Indicator	1930–1950s	1950–1970s	1970–1990s	1990–2000s	1930–2000s
LUC	Land-use change	0.225	0.134	0.164	0.135	0.358
LUCr	Land-use change regressive	0.004	0.007	0.005	0.006	0.012
LUCp	Land-use change progressive	0.008	0.003	0.003	0.002	0.006
Code	Indicator	1930s	1950s	1970s	1990s	2000s
Pu	Urban pressure	0.011	0.014	0.012	0.014	0.018
Pa	Agriculture pressure	0.363	0.412	0.421	0.489	0.402
N	Naturalness	3.232	3.694	3.678	3.473	3.720
Landscape structure
(a) Total categories
Code	Indicator	1930s	1950s	1970s	1990s	2000s
LPI	Largest Patch Index (km2)	915	967	1028	929	960
ED	Edge density (km)	57	77	64	65	69
PD	Polygon density (n°)	55	59	40	45	52
MESH	Effective mesh size (km2)	6.36	6.90	7.56	6.69	6.82
H	Shannon Index	1.03	0.96	0.92	0.93	0.91
(b) No urban categories (agriculture and grassland)
Code	Indicator	1930s	1950s	1970s	1990s	2000s
LPI	Largest Patch Index (km2)	915	967	1028	929	960
ED	Edge density (km)	39	60	46	46	55
PD	Polygon density (n°)	38	41	28	30	36
MESH	Effective mesh size (km2)	6.47	6.98	7.63	6.77	6.90
H	Shannon Index	0.88	0.81	0.80	0.86	0.84
(c) Less disturbed categories (grassland alone)
Code	Indicator	1930s	1950s	1970s	1990s	2000s
LPI	Largest Patch Index (km2)	871	853	840	692	784
ED	Edge density (km)	55	86	61	57	69
PD	Polygon density (n°)	24	24	19	21	26
MESH	Effective Mesh Size (km2)	7.20	7.20	7.09	5.60	6.20
H	Shannon Index	0.17	0.16	0.12	0.29	0.27

The results show the average of all the sample cells (N = 40); See Table 6 for metrics description