Table 4.
Clinical and Microbiological Profiles of 16 Survivors and 32 Non-Survivor Candidemia Cases
| Characteristics | Cohort N = 48 | Survivors at 30 Days N = 16 | Non-Survivors at 30 Days N=32 | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||
| Age, median ± IQR, years | 62 ± 26 | 31 ± 48.8 | 64 ± 17 | 0.001 | |||
| Gender, male No. (%) | 29 | 60.4 | 7 | 43.8 | 22 | 68.7 | 0.31 |
| Ethnicity, Arab No. (%) | 40 | 83.3 | 15 | 93 | 25 | 78.1 | 0.47 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (Median ± IQR) | 4.5 ± 7 | 1 ± 4.3 | 6.5 ± 6 | 0.20 | |||
| Underlying conditions, No. (%) | |||||||
| COVID-19 | 15 | 31.3 | 2 | 12.5 | 13 | 40.6 | 0.02 |
| Burn | 3 | 6.3 | 1 | 6.3 | 2 | 6.3 | 0.47 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 | 54.2 | 5 | 31.3 | 21 | 65.6 | 0.11 |
| Surgery | 13 | 27 | 9 | 56.3 | 4 | 12.5 | 0.12 |
| End stage renal disease | 25 | 52 | 4 | 25 | 21 | 65.6 | 0.09 |
| Malignancy | 3 | 6.3 | 1 | 6.3 | 2 | 6.3 | 0.47 |
| Chemo/Immunotherapy | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0.31 |
| Intensive care unit | 40 | 83.3 | 13 | 81.3 | 27 | 84.3 | 0.87 |
| Central line | 39 | 81.2 | 13 | 81.3 | 26 | 81.2 | 0.67 |
| Total parenteral nutrition | 9 | 18.4 | 6 | 37.5 | 3 | 9.3 | 0.31 |
| Use of steroids | 37 | 77 | 9 | 56.3 | 28 | 87.5 | 0.67 |
| Use of tocilizumab | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 15.6 | 0.02 |
| Neutropenia | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0.31 |
| Microbiological features, No. (%) | |||||||
| Time to positivity ≤ 24 hours | 9 | 18.8 | 4 | 25 | 5 | 15.6 | 0.67 |
| Previous Candida colonization | 19 | 39.5 | 5 | 31.3 | 14 | 43.7 | 0.31 |
| Non-Candida albicans spp. | 39 | 81.3 | 14 | 87.5 | 25 | 78.1 | 0.67 |
| Candida auris spp. | 3 | 6.3 | 2 | 12.5 | 1 | 3.1 | 0.17 |
| Previous candidemia | 3 | 6.3 | 1 | 6.3 | 2 | 6.3 | 0.39 |
| Concurrent bacteremia | 12 | 25 | 5 | 31.3 | 7 | 21.8 | 0.13 |
| Gram negative bacilli | 7 | 14.5 | 3 | 18.7 | 4 | 12.5 | 0.67 |
| Gram positive cocci | 4 | 8.3 | 2 | 12.5 | 2 | 6.3 | 0.81 |
| Anaerobes | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0.31 |
| Previous bacteremia with MDR GNB | 11 | 22.9 | 3 | 18.7 | 8 | 25 | 0.17 |
| Early AF initiation (Before or within 24 hours of BC) | 27 | 56.3 | 8 | 50 | 19 | 59.3 | 0.17 |
Notes: COVID-19, Coronavirus disease; MDR, multidrug resistant; GNB, Gram negative bacilli; AF, antifungal; RM, reference method; BC, blood collection; N, number; IQR, interquartile range.