Table 4.

Results of Model Testing

Predictors	Model 1 (Outcome: PS)			Model 2 (Outcome: NIUMP)			Model 3 (Outcome: PMU)
	β	SE	t	β	SE	t	β	SE	t
Child age	−0.09***	0.02	−4.15	−0.04	0.02	−1.47	0.05*	0.02	2.12
Child gender	0.09*	0.05	2.05	−0.07	0.05	−1.29	0.10*	0.05	2.26
Mother age	0.002	0.01	0.2	0.01	0.01	0.75	0.02*	0.01	2.24
Mothers’ education	0.04	0.04	0.92	0.08	0.04	1.78	−0.04	0.04	−1.06
Father age	−0.02	0.01	−1.83	−0.02*	0.01	−2.23	−0.004	0.01	−0.42
Fathers’ education	−0.11**	0.04	−3.08	−0.04	0.04	−1.1	0.02	0.04	0.54
Distress	0.30***	0.02	12.68	0.06*	0.03	2.35	0.06*	0.03	2.57
PS				0.32***	0.03	11.55	0.35***	0.03	13.08
NIUMP							0.26***	0.02	10.28
SCP	−0.36***	0.02	−15.01
Distress × SCP	−0.06*	0.02	−2.53
R2	0.30			0.14			0.28
F	63.09***			27.38***			58.50***

Notes: Child gender was coded as 1 = girl and 2 = boy. Distress: maternal COVID-19 distress. Distress × SCP = maternal COVID-19 distress × supportive co-parenting. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.

Abbreviations: PS, parenting stress; NIUMP, negative instrumental use of media in parenting; SCP, supportive co-parenting; PMU, problematic media use.