Figure 5.

HMGCS2 is downregulated by ER stress through the activity of PERK. HMGCS2 (upper graphs) or HSPA5 (lower graphs) expression by qPCR in non-treated Caco-2 cells (-TG), cells treated with TG 1μM alone for 24 hours (+TG) or Caco-2 cells treated with pharmacological inhibitors of the three branches of the UPR and TG, using GAPDH as the housekeeping gene. Cells were pretreated with each inhibitor (GSK, 4µ8C or PF) for 2 hours and then stimulated with TG 1μM for additional 24 hours. Data from three independent experiments are shown, represented as the mean ± SEM. Unpaired t test was used. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001.