(A and B) The sleep profile (left panel) and daily sleep duration (right panel) of wfs1 RNAi (A) and mutant flies (B) monitored on the 4th day of constant light, along with relevant controls. (C and D) The sleep profile (left panel) and daily sleep duration (right panel) of wfs1 RNAi (C) and mutant flies (D) monitored on the first day of constant darkness (DD), along with relevant controls. Gray shade indicates the dark period. For comparison between RNAi flies vs. UAS/GAL4 controls, one-way ANOVA was used: compared to GAL4 control, ###P < 0.001; compared to UAS control, ***P < 0.001. For comparison between mutant vs. control, Mann-Whitney test was used: *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. n = 23–73. (E) Plots of relative mRNA abundance vs circadian time (CT0, circadian time 0 is the time of subjective lights on) for clock genes determined by qRT–PCR in whole-head extracts. n = 3. For each time series, the value of G4 control at CT0 was set to 1. Error bars represent SEM. G4, GAL4; U, UAS; M, wfs1MI14041.