TABLE 1.

Types of Accountabilities

Accountability Type	Function	Governmental Programs
Accountability for finances	Holding agencies responsible for using funds as defined by law, rules and standards.	HHS TAGGS—This system keeps track of all grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts issued by all parts of HHS, including the CDC, by state and by type of activity, such as research, health services, training, and technical assistance.
Accountability for fairness	Ensuring that agencies follow preestablished norms and values and are fair to employees, grantees, contractors, and citizens.	The Notice of Funding Opportunities (NOFO) issued by many federal agencies are available to the public through grants.gov, include a rationale for funding priorities and, describe the process to appeal decisions.
Accountability for use of power	Ensuring that government employees use the funding as intended and treat everyone fairly, and reduce the potential abuse or misuse of power by government employees.	The Freedom of Information Act allows citizens to request copies of printed or electronic government records. The Whistleblower Protection Act protects Federal employees and applicants for employment who lawfully disclose a violation of law, rule, or regulation; gross mismanagement; waste of funds; abuse of authority; or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.
Accountability for performance	Assuring that preestablished outcomes and programs' expectations are met.	Through the Healthy People Initiative CDC monitors improvement in population health by tracking progress in achieving national objectives.