Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| Characteristic | Participants with OUD and fibromyalgia | Others with pain and OUD | All participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Female | 20 (52.6) | 29 (36.7) | 49 (41.9) |
| Male | 18 (47.4) | 50 (63.3) | 68 (58.1) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Black | 8 (21.1) | 21 (26.6) | 29 (24.8) |
| White | 28 (73.7) | 57 (72.2) | 85 (72.6) |
| Any other race | 2 (5.3) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (2.6) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Hispanic | 2 (5.3) | 2 (2.5) | 5 (3.8) |
| Non-Hispanic | 28 (73.7) | 77 (97.5) | 113 (96.6) |
| Opioid type, n (%) | |||
| Fentanyl | 27 (69.2) | 69 (80.2) | 96 (76.8) |
| Heroin | 12 (30.8) | 31 (36.0) | 43 (34.4) |
| Prescription opioid | 10 (25.6) | 17 (19.8) | 27 (21.6) |
| OUD severity, mean (SD) | |||
| DSM-5 OUD criteria | 10.5 (1.6) | 10.6 (1.3) | 10.6 (1.3) |
| Mental health, mean (SD) | |||
| RAND-36 Mental Health domain score | 37.6 (14.5) | 49.3 (17.2) | 45 (17.2) |
| Bodily pain, mean (SD) | |||
| RAND-36 Bodily Pain domain score | 31.7 (16.3) | 54.5 (23.1) | 47.3 (23.6) |
| Painful body regions, mean (SD) | |||
| Body regions | 6 (2.9) | 2.4 (1.3) | 3.7 (2.7) |
| Pain-related OUD Exacerbation Scale, mean (SD) | |||
| PROUD ES score | 12.1 (3.6) | 9.5 (4.1) | 10.3 (4.1) |
Ten participants were missing demographics. Age was unintentionally omitted. Greater than 6 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria indicates severe opioid use disorder (OUD). Research and Development-36 (RAND-36) domains are scaled 0 to 100 with lower scores indicating worse health in that domain (ie, worse pain or mental health). Greater Pain-related OUD Exacerbation Scale scores indicate greater endorsement of pain-related OUD exacerbations.