Table 2.

Pain-related Opioid Use Disorder Exacerbation Scale.

Questionnaire item	% Affirmed	Mean (SD)	Factor loading	Communalities
Pain is a major reason why I have kept using opioids.	60.8	2.5 (1.3)	0.769	0.591
I find myself needing more and more opioids to control my pain.	66.4	2.7 (1.2)	0.844	0.713
I have put off getting treatment for opioid use disorder because I am afraid my pain will be worse when I stop using opioids.	60.0	2.5 (1.2)	0.825	0.680
I am worried pain will cause me to relapse in the future.	60.0	2.6 (1.2)	0.673	0.454

Responses were scaled as strongly disagree (0), disagree (1), neutral (2), agree (3), or strongly agree (4).

% Affirmed = the percentage of the total sample that agreed or strongly agreed with the item. Eighty-four percent of participants affirmed at least 1 pain-related OUD exacerbation.