Table 5.
Baseline characteristics of patients in different risk groups stratified according to Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium Acute Decompensation score
| Variables | Low-risk group (n = 187) | Moderate-risk group (n = 40) | High-risk group (n = 8) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 54.5 ± 11.5c | 60.4 ± 12.9 | 66.6 ± 8.8 | 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 114 (61.0) | 25 (62.5) | 6 (75.0) | 0.512 |
| Etiology of cirrhosis | 0.236 | |||
| HBV + HCV | 108 (57.8) | 17 (42.5) | 4 (50) | |
| Alcohol | 22 (11.8) | 8 (20) | 0 (0) | |
| Others | 57 (30.4) | 15 (37.5) | 4 (50) | |
| Ascites, n (%) | 115 (61.5)b,c | 32 (80)a,c | 7 (87.5)a,b | 0.034 |
| Bacterial infection | 25 (13.4) | 13 (32.5)a | 4 (50)a | 0.001 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 10 (5.3) | 7 (17.5)a | 2 (25)a | 0.008 |
| Rebleeding | 19 (10.2) | 8 (20) | 1 (12.5) | 0.218 |
| HCC within Milan criterion | 14 (7.5) | 4 (10) | 2 (25) | 0.206 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 85.1 ± 11.8 | 82.1 ± 13.1 | 88.4 ± 11.7 | 0.236 |
| Hemoglobin | 79.0 (69.0–92.8) | 74.5 (68.5–83.5) | 87.5 (74.0–95.0) | 0.316 |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 3.2 (2.3–4.6) | 7.7 (6.2–9.4)a | 11.5 (9.9–18.0)a | <0.001 |
| NLR | 3.57 (2.45–5.52) | 5.17 (3.27–7.93)a | 9.74 (6.95–12.94)a | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin | 18.5 (13.1–27.0) | 22.0 (12.3–31.6) | 20.4 (14.0–84.0) | 0.371 |
| Albumin | 32.8 ± 5.1 | 29.0 ± 4.7a | 27.6 ± 5.6a | <0.001 |
| ALT | 19.6 (14.0–29.3) | 17.7 (14.4–28.0) | 27.8 (11.8–128.0) | 0.633 |
| AST | 26.6 (19.8–42.4) | 27.0 (20.2–42.1) | 67.3 (22.9–170.3) | 0.179 |
| INR | 1.25 (1.15–1.37)b | 1.33 (1.20–1.67) | 1.35 (1.17–1.68) | 0.016 |
| Serum creatinine | 66.0 (56.0–78.0) | 69.5 (63.5–84.0) | 84.0 (63.5–139.5) | 0.022* |
| Serum sodium | 139.7 (137.5–141.2) | 136.9 (134.2–138.4)a | 134.2 (130.1–135.4)a | <0.001 |
| Serum potassium | 3.9 ± 0.4c | 4.1 ± 0.4c | 4.8 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| CTP | 7 (6–8) | 9 (7.5–10.0)a | 8 (8–11)a | <0.001 |
| MELD | 10 (8–12) | 11 (9–15)a | 13.5 (11–18.5)a | <0.001 |
| MELD-Na | 10 (9–12) | 12 (9.5–16.5)a | 16.5 (12–24)a | <0.001 |
| CLIF-C AD | 39.0 ± 5.9b,c | 52.3 ± 3.2a,c | 62.0 ± 3.1a,b | <0.001 |
Data were described as means (±SD), median (interquartile range) or number (percentage) of patients where appropriate and compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test, correspondingly. NLR was calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count.
Bold values indicate statistical significance.
Significantly different from the low-risk group.
Significantly different from the moderate-risk group.
Significantly different from the high-risk group.
*No significant difference after adjustment for P value with Bonferroni method.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CLIF-C AD, Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium Acute Decompensation; CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh; HBV, hepatic B virus; HCV, hepatic C virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; H-L test, Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test; INR, international normalized ratio; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease; MELD-Na, MELD-Sodium; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.