TABLE 4.

VGSCs β-subunit expression and role in different cancer cells.

Expressed VGSCs β subunit	Cancer type	Metastatic characteristic involved	References
NaVβ1	Breast	Migration, adhesion	Chioni et al. (2009)
		Invasion, process length, angiogenesis, evading apoptosis	Nelson et al. (2014)
		Invasion	Bon et al. (2016)
	Cervix	Proliferation, migration	Sanchez-Sandoval and Gomora (2019)
	Non-small cell lung	ND	Roger et al. (2007)
	Prostate	ND	Diss et al. (2008)
NaVβ2	Breast	ND	Chioni et al. (2009), Bon et al. (2016)
	Cervix	ND	Sanchez-Sandoval and Gomora (2019)
	Neuroblastoma	ND	Vetter et al. (2012)
	Prostate	Migration, invasion, process length, proliferation	Jansson et al. (2012), Jansson et al. (2014)
NaVβ3	Cervix	Proliferation, apoptosis	Sanchez-Sandoval and Gomora (2019)
	Hepatic	Evading apoptosis	Li et al. (2020)
	Neuroblastoma	ND	Vetter et al. (2012)
	Non-small cell lung	ND	Roger et al. (2007)
	Prostate	ND	Diss et al. (2008)
NaVβ4	Breast	Migration, invasion, podosome formation	Bon et al. (2016)
	Cervix	Invasion	Sanchez-Sandoval and Gomora (2019)
	Thyroid	ND	Gong et al. (2018)
	Prostate	ND	Diss et al. (2008)

ND, not determined.