Table 3.
Participant characteristics as moderators of the change in college students’ sense of belonging from before to during COVID-19
| Estimate | SE | t | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed effects | ||||
| Level 1 (time) | ||||
| Linear change | −0.17 | 0.05 | −3.55 | <.001 |
| Sex | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.13 | .90 |
| Race-ethnicity | 0.34 | 0.10 | 3.45 | <.001 |
| Level 2 (person) | ||||
| Time elapsed | 0.0002 | 0.001 | 0.13 | .90 |
| Risk group | −0.25 | 0.11 | −2.25 | .026 |
| Sex | 0.007 | 0.10 | 0.07 | .94 |
| Race-ethnicity | 0.35 | 0.12 | 2.91 | .004 |
| Intercept | 3.00 | 0.06 | 53.93 | <.001 |
Results from population-average models with unstandardized coefficients and robust standard errors are presented. Sex was coded as male = −0.5 and female = 0.5. Race-ethnicity was coded as minority = −0.5 and White, non-Hispanic = 0.5 Risk group was coded as −0.5 = non-risk, 0.5 = risk.