Table 3.

The advantages and disadvantages of different paper-based biosensors.

Method	Advantages	Disadvantages	Ref.
Colorimetry	Easy-to-use detection Rapid response Naked-eye detection Cost-effective system	Low sensitivity Limited multiplexing capability Limited quantification capability	(3)
Fluorescent	High sensitivity Flexible fluorescence-quenching Capability Multiplexing capability	Costly equipment with both excitation light and fluorescence measurement Fluorescent label may impair binding	(3)
ICA	Simplicity Easy operation Low-cost Portability	Low sensitivity	(140)
p-ELISA	Fast Easy to use No special equipment required Sample efficiency	Separate exosomes with targeted proteins only	(141, 142)