Table 1.

Details of the intervention and the results of the studies.

First author (ref) Country, year Link	Study population N/age/% female/%male Participation rate Recruitment	Intervention intensity/duration Comparison group(s) Delivery agent	Other intervention components	Effects of the intervention, including their sizes and significance
Mohamad et al. (31) UK, 2019 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31177994/	Localized or locally advanced prostate cancer within the last 36 months and overweight or obesity, defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 N = 62/mean age = 65.5 years/100% male Medical oncologists and/or the personnel of an oncology clinic recruited candidates for the study	RCT A group meeting, a letter of support from their urology consultant, three phone consultations with a dietician scheduled 4 weeks apart, a pedometer, and access to online resources for diet and exercise are all included in the program. Usual care: diet and exercise support group	(a and b) Anthropometry (a and b) Quality of life (a and b) Acceptability and feasibility	12 weeks: The mean weight change of the mini-intervention group after 12 weeks was significantly different from the mean weight loss of the intervention group
Van Blarigan et al. (32) USA 2020 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31941707/	Colorectal cancer survivors N = 50/median age = 55 years/66% female/34% male Recruited from cancer registries, oncology practices	RCT Group intervention (website, text messages) offers a simple diet tracking tool and a 12-week SMS programme Wait-list control	(a and b) Anthropometry (a and b) Dietary assessment (a and b) feasibility and acceptability	12 weeks: The intervention group consumed more whole grain products than the control group Systolic blood pressure seemed to decrease in the intervention group compared to the control group, which did not improve 24 weeks: The increase in whole grains in the intervention group appears to be maintained at 4 weeks On average, neither the participants’ weight nor their waistlines shrank during the study.
Hamilton-Reeves et al. (33) USA, 2021 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8371995/	Overweight men (BMI of 25 to 45 kg/m2) with localized prostate cancer who were scheduled for prostatectomy (robotic-assisted laparoscopic) had the option of either being treated (15) or not being treated (5) N = 20/ mean aged = 60.9 ± 5.7, 100% male Recruited in-person by ward personnel at two university clinics	RCT The nutrition intervention group received a weight maintenance phase: four support classes, weekly coaching by phone or email, tracking of diet and exercise Non-intervention group did not receive any nutrition or lifestyle counselling	(a and b) Anthropometrics and Vitals (a and b) Diet Adherence and Diet Quality (a and b) Tracking Physical Activity (a and b) Cardiometabolic Biomarkers (a and b) Quality of Life & Long-Term Outcomes (a and b) Feasibility	3 months follow-up: Short-term dietary and lifestyle adjustments, supported by coaching and self-tracking technologies, can positively alter biomarkers Only the intervention group experienced significant weight loss
Keum et al. (34) Korea, 2021 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8441607/	Patients with unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) N = 40/mean age = 62–62, 5 years/37% female/63% male Recruited from cancer registries, physicians	RCT (a) The Noom users group offered the following interventions: (1) interactive interface with messages between coach and participant, (2) daily articles for basic health knowledge, (3) logging of food with color coding, and (4) automatic feedback on food choices (b) The group of non-Noom users did not receive a nutrition intervention, but only participated in the study assessments	(a and b) Quality of life (a and b) Skeletal muscle index (SMI)	12 weeks: All the study participants showed a significant improvement in the nutritional status according to the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score regardless of Noom app usage During chemotherapy, SMI decreased in both groups: in Noom users it decreased from 49.08 cm2/m2 to 46.08 cm2/m2 and in non-Noom users it decreased from 50.60 cm2/m2 to 42.97 cm2/m2. Although the decrease was greater in the non-Noom user group than in the Noom user group (−13.96% vs. -3.27%; p = 0.11), it was not statistically significant
Yang et al. (35) Korea, 2021 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34448714/	Esophageal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy N = 38/mean age = 59 years, 63% male Recruited from cancer registries, oncology practices	Single arm The patients who used the mobile app (mHealth group) had the opportunity to record their caloric intake, physical activity and weight daily. In addition, the activity tracker in the app automatically counted the steps taken.	(a and b) Muscle loss (a and b) Malnutrition assessment (a and b) Laboratory markers (white blood cells, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) (a and b) feasibility and effectiveness	8 weeks: The Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI) decreased less thanks to the Health Care Mobile App, but could not stop the significant muscle loss. There was no discernible difference in the number of patients who suffered excessive muscle loss (SMI/50 days >10%) or in the change in SMI.
Terranova et al. (36) Australia, 2021 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35182789/	Women aged 18 to 75 years with a body mass index of 25 to 45 kg/m2 who have been diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer in the last 2 years N = 159/mean age = 55 ± 9 years/100% female Recruited by clinic staff at an oncology clinic and cancer centers	RCT Remotely delivered weight loss intervention Usual care	(a and b) Physical activity (a and b) Sitting time (a and b) Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations for cancer survivors	6-, 12-, and 18-months follow-up Participants randomly assigned to the intervention group aimed to lose 5 to 10% weight. The remote weight loss intervention resulted in some improvements in diet and physical activity, as well as sustained improvements in WCRF/AICR adherence scores.
Wang et al. (37) China, 2022 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36183482/	Colorectal cancer survivors N = 60/mean age 69.07 ± 6,53 (intervention group), 67.50 ± 9.34 male 31/female 29 Recruited in-person by ward personnel	RCT (a) The intervention group received personalized nutritional interventions and telephone-based education through the WeChat app for 6 months (b) The routine care group received a follow up by telephone after 6 months	(a and b) Quality of life (a and b) Nutrition status (a and b) Dietary intake (a and b) The strength of the hands in kilograms	6 months follow-up: The patients’ subjective global rating was statistically lower in the nutrition group, and they consumed more energy and protein. The regular care group lost weight (0.00 kg; 95% confidence interval, −1.75 to 0.00), while the nutrition intervention group gained weight (2.00 kg; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–3.00). In terms of general health, physical role, emotional, cognitive and social functioning, the nutrition intervention group performed significantly better (p = 0.05).
Williams et al. (38) USA, 2022 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35188468/	Adult survivors of cancers with > 80% 5-year survival N = 35/mean age = 62.1 years/54% female/46% male The following techniques were used to recruit participants: (1) identifying cancer patients from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Registry and sending an invitation; (2) getting in touch with community organizations and cancer survivor support groups in the area; (3) using local news advertisements; and (4) word-of-mouth	A website based on social cognition theory called SurvivorSHINE encourages cancer survivors to exercise, eat healthy and control their weight. The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity subjectively, and ActiGraph accelerometers were used to assess it objectively. The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment	Weight Time spent on the website Frequency of log-ins Page views	2 weeks: Total time spent on the website was positively related to increases in self-reported physical activity and physical activity measured with the accelerometer (p = 0.2) No associations were found between changes in healthy lifestyle knowledge, changes in body weight or food intake, or frequency of logins or total time spent on the website
Huggins et al. (39) Australia, 2022 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/15/3234	Adults who had recently (within 4 weeks) been diagnosed with UGI cancer and were planning to start either surgery or medical (chemotherapy or radiation) treatment N = 111/mean age = 63, 2 years/37% female/63% male Recruited in person by surgeons and dietitians	Three group RCT Allocated to intervention via telephone Allocated to intervention via mobile APP Allocated to control	(a and b and c) Weight loss (a and b and c) Nutritional status (a and b and c) Survival rate	12-months: Although not substantially different, weight reduction throughout the course of the 12-month follow-up was less in the phone group compared to the mobile app group (p = 0.031) and compared to the control group (p = 0.075) The groups’ nutritional statuses were comparable.