Table 2.

Odds ratios of possible sarcopenia by quartiles of DDS among whole samples.

Variables	Quartiles of DDS				P trend
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Total DDS	(0, 4]	(4, 5]	(5, 7]	(7, 10]
Model 1	1.00	0.89 (0.77–1.03)	0.78 (0.69–0.88)*	0.61 (0.52–0.72)*	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.96 (0.80–1.15)	0.79 (0.68–0.91)*	0.60 (0.49–0.73)*	< 0.001
Model 3	1.00	1.01 (0.84–1.21)	0.84 (0.73–0.98)*	0.66 (0.54–0.80)*	< 0.001
Model 4	1.00	1.01 (0.84–1.22)	0.83 (0.72–0.97)*	0.62 (0.51–0.77)*	< 0.001
Animal-based DDS	[0, 1]	(1, 2]	(2, 3]	(3, 4]
Model 1	1.00	0.82 (0.72–0.95) *	0.76(0.67–0.87)*	0.76 (0.67–0.87)*	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.84 (0.71–1.00)	0.72(0.62–0.87)*	0.57 (0.46–0.71)*	< 0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.90 (0.76–1.07)	0.77(0.66–0.91)*	0.63 (0.50–0.79)*	< 0.001
Model 4	1.00	0.91 (0.77–1.09)	0.79(0.67–0.93)*	0.62 (0.49–0.79)*	< 0.001
Plant-based DDS	(0, 2]	(2, 3]	(3, 4]	(4, 6]
Model 1	1.00	0.79 (0.70–0.90)*	0.72 (0.63–0.83)*	0.59 (0.49–0.71)*	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.81 (0.70–0.94)*	0.73 (0.62–0.86)*	0.62 (0.50–0.76)*	< 0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.85 (0.73–1.00)	0.77 (0.65–0.92)*	0.69 (0.55–0.86)*	< 0.001
Model 4	1.00	0.81 (0.69–0.95)*	0.74 (0.62–0.82)*	0.64 (0.51–0.80)*	< 0.001
Plant-based# DDS	(0, 1]	(1, 2]	(2, 3]	(3, 4]
Model 1	1.00	0.76 (0.64–0.92)*	0.60 (0.50–0.73)*	0.49 (0.37–0.65)*	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.90 (0.72–1.12)	0.75 (0.60–0.94)*	0.68 (0.49–0.94)*	< 0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.96 (0.77–1.20)	0.83 (0.66–1.04)	0.81 (0.58–1.14)	0.018
Model 4	1.00	0.92 (0.73–1.15)	0.81 (0.64–1.02)	0.80 (0.57–1.13)	0.029

Model 1 included DDS as the sole variable; Model 2 further controlled for gender, age, household income, education level, marital status, and pre-retirement occupation; Model 3 additionally controlled for physical activities, smoking, drinking, BMI, and waist circumference; Model 4 added difficulty in vitamin D3 and albumin; DDS, dietary diversity score.

^#A plant-based diet without legume products and nuts.

^*p < 0.05.