Table 2.

Agreement between patient-reported inhalation technique (InTeQ) and pediatricians’ observation

Items	Observation		% agreement (95%CI)	Kappa (SE)
	++/+	−
Breathe out fully before
Always to sometimes	7 (20.0%)	22 (62.9%)	37.1 (21.1–53.2)	0.098 (0.051)
Rarely or never	0 (0.0%)	6 (17.1%)
Close lips tightly
Always to sometimes	28 (84.8%)	0 (0.0%)	87.9 (76.7–99.0)	0.298 (0.234)
Rarely or never	4 (12.1%)	1 (3.0%)
Breathe in deeply
Always to sometimes	27 (75.0%)	8 (22.2%)	77.8 (64.2–91.4)	0.158 (0.142)
Rarely or never	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.8%)
Hold breath after
Always to sometimes	9 (25.0%)	17 (47.2%)	38.9 (23.0–54.8)	− 0.112 (0.137)
Rarely or never	5 (13.9%)	5 (13.9%)
Breathe out slowly after
Always to sometimes	9 (25.0%)	22 (61.1%)	33.3 (17.9–48.7)	− 0.041 (0.089)
Rarely or never	2 (5.6%)	3 (8.3%)

The expert observation was dichotomized into correctly/poorly performed (++/+) and not performed (−). The InTeQ responses of frequency were dichotomized into “Always-Often-Sometimes” or “Rarely–Never.” Kappa coefficient values: 0.0–0.2 (slight agreement), 0.2–0.4 (fair), 0.4–0.6 (moderate), 0.6–0.8 (substantial), and 0.8–1.0 (almost perfect). CI confidence interval, SE standard error