Table 2.
Concentrations and detection frequencies of arsenic species in rice-based processed foods ordered by food category
| Food categories (n)a |
tAs (μg/kg) | Concentration of each arsenic species (μg/kg) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AsV | AsIII | iAs | MMA | DMA | ||
| HMR rice | 110 ± 150b | 3.4 ± 9.1 | 27 ± 14 | 31 ± 18 | 1.3 ± 3.7 | 8.8 ± 14 |
| (n = 30) | (97)c | (23) | (97) | (97) | (13) | (37) |
| Rice cake | 69 ± 33 | 1.0 ± 5.5 | 36 ± 16 | 37 ± 18 | 1.5 ± 3.6 | 14 ± 15 |
| (n = 30) | (97) | (3) | (97) | (97) | (17) | (60) |
| Porridge | 49 ± 43 | 3.6 ± 8.2 | 15 ± 15 | 19 ± 22 | 0.80 ± 3.9 | 2.9 ± 6.4 |
| (n = 25) | (72) | (24) | (72) | (72) | (8) | (24) |
| Noodle | 180 ± 190 | 9.5 ± 13 | 39 ± 26 | 48 ± 34 | 4.8 ± 8.6 | 22 ± 30 |
| (n = 33) | (94) | (39) | (93) | (93) | (25) | (64) |
| Bread | 40 ± 30 | 3.0 ± 5 | 20 ± 15 | 23 ± 16 | 0.30 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 12 |
| (n = 20) | (90) | (20) | (85) | (90) | (20) | (28) |
| Snack | 120 ± 150 | 4.6 ± 8 | 39 ± 31 | 43 ± 36 | 3.6 ± 7.8 | 14 ± 18 |
| (n = 45) | (84) | (27) | (82) | (82) | (59) | (51) |
| Powder | 160 ± 170 | 6.6 ± 11 | 78 ± 48 | 85 ± 56 | 8.2 ± 12 | 12 ± 14 |
| (n = 19) | (100) | (37) | (100) | (100) | (53) | (53) |
| Snack, for baby | 110 ± 80 | 12 ± 8 | 49 ± 52 | 62 ± 55 | 0.65 ± 2.4 | 19 ± 11 |
| (n = 14) | (100) | (79) | (100) | (100) | (8) | (86) |
| Porridge, for baby | 22 ± 40 | NDd | 4.4 ± 8 | 4.4 ± 8 | 2.7 ± 8.3 | 3.0 ± 11 |
| (n = 14) | (29) | (0) | (29) | (29) | (14) | (7) |
| Powder, for baby | 160 ± 70 | 6.3 ± 9.9 | 67 ± 28 | 74 ± 31 | 17 ± 11 | 24 ± 20 |
| (n = 9) | (100) | (33) | (100) | (100) | (100) | (78) |
an is the number of samples
bAs species and total As concentration (μg/kg)
cFrequency of detection (%)
dResults < MDL were set to be equal to 0, and not detected (ND); inorganic As (iAs)