Table 2.

(After Roerden [27]). Precautionary and emergency measures

Side effects	Precautionary and emergency measures
systemic toxicity of local anesthetics (LAST)	Termination of the TLA application
	Oxygenation, treatment of seizures (benzodiazepine), resuscitation (if necessary), administration of 20% lipid emulsion
	Continuous monitoring of vital parameters
Neurological symptoms (seizures, unconsciousness, restlessness)	Termination of the TLA application
	Oxygen supply, airway management, treatment of seizures (benzodiazepines), ECG monitoring if necessary
Apnea following cerebral toxicity	Termination of the TLA application
	Oxygen supply, resuscitation, continuous monitoring of vital parameters
Cardiovascular symptoms (bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias)	Termination of the TLA application
	Oxygenation, ECG monitoring
	Treatment according to the ECG findings
Methemoglobinemia	Termination of the TLA application
	Oxygenation
	Application of Methylene Blue
	treatment of seizures (benzodiazepines)
Pneumothorax	Use of non-ground needles in deep areas/ axilla
	Application of TLA in the axilla under sonographic control
	Continuous monitoring of vital parameters
	Chest x-ray
	Chest tube/ needle decompression if necessary