Table 1.
Demographics, respiratory support characteristics, and hypoxemia severity
| HFNO N = 229 |
Ventilation N = 499 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years (median [IQR]) | 66 [60–73] | 67 [59–73] | 0.634 |
| Male gender, N (%) | 172 (75.1) | 368 (73.7) | 0.765 |
| Height, cm (median [IQR]) | 175 [168–180] | 174 [168–180] | 0.624 |
| Weight, kg (median [IQR]) | 85 [76–95] | 87 [78–100] | 0.063 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (median [IQR]) | 28 [25–32] | 29 [26–33] | 0.042 |
| SAPS II (median [IQR])* | (110/229) 31 [22–36] | (214/499) 39 [32–46] | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score (median [IQR])* | (146/229) 4 [3–6] | (291/499) 6 [4–8] | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%), yes | 199 (86.9) | 426 (85.4) | 0.664 |
| Arterial hypertension | 88 (38.4) | 183 (36.7) | 0.710 |
| Heart failure | 61 (26.6) | 124 (24.8) | 0.672 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 77 (33.6) | 148 (29.7) | 0.323 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 22 (9.6) | 36 (7.2) | 0.337 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.4) | 0.794 |
| COPD | 56 (24.5) | 112 (22.4) | 0.615 |
| Active hematological cancer | 6 (2.6) | 17 (3.4) | 1.000 |
| Active solid cancer | 13 (5.7) | 18 (3.5) | 0.219 |
| Metastatic cancer | 4 (1.7) | 5 (1.0) | 0.629 |
| Neuromuscular disease | 7 (3.1) | 9 (1.8) | 0.424 |
| Immunosuppression | 3 (1.3) | 15 (3.0) | 0.266 |
| Respiratory Support Characteristics | < 0.001 | ||
| PEEP, cm H2O (median [IQR]) | N.A | 12 [10–13] | |
| Airflow, L/min (median [IQR]) | 50 [50–60] | N.A | |
| FiO2 (median [IQR]) | 70 [60–85] | 50 [40–61] | |
| CPAP before ICU, N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | |
| NIV before ICU, N (%) | 1 (0.3) | 5 (1.0) | |
| Hypoxemia severity | |||
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg (median [IQR]) | 92 [72–123] | 150 [117–188] | < 0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ranges | < 0.001 | ||
| 200–300 mmHg | 6 (2.6) | 89 (17.8) | |
| 100–200 mmHg | 91 (39.7) | 340 (68.1) | |
| < 100 mmHg | 132 (57.6) | 70 (14.0) | |
BMI body mass index, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, HFNO high–flow nasal oxygen, NIV non–invasive ventilation, PaO2 partial pressure of arterial oxygen, PEEP positive end–expiratory pressure, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment
*We did not have all disease severity scores in all patients; we could only use the score that was recorded in patient record files