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. 2023 Jul 14;14:4198. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39890-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Neutralization of NIV-10, NIV-11, and NIV-13 was examined with pseudovirus containing indicated spike protein. Data are presented as mean value ± SD (n = 4, technical replicate). b, c Neutralization of indicated antibodies and IC₅₀ with authentic BA.5 virus are shown. Data are presented as mean value ± SD (n = 4, technical replicate). d, e Neutralization of indicated antibodies and IC₅₀ with authentic BA.2.75 virus are shown. Data are presented as mean value ± SD (n = 3, technical replicate). f NIV-13 escape mutant clone and ancestral virus with passage without antibody were infected on VeroE6-TMPRSS2 cells at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, and TCID₅₀ was examined on days 0 and 3. Fold-change values are shown. Each symbol represents data from each virus clone (n = 6, biological replicate). Bars represent the mean value. g NIV-13 escape mutant was cloned from BA.1 passaged with NIV-13, and proliferation was examined as f. Each symbol represents data from each virus clone (n = 5, biological replicate). Bars represent the mean value. h Plasma IgG titer against ancestral and mutant RBDs is shown. Plasma samples were collected from the vaccine 1 month after the 2nd vaccination (T5), 5–6 months after the 2nd vaccination (T6), and 1 month after the 3rd vaccination (T7). Connected symbols represent data from each individual (n = 8, biological replicate). i Neutralization antibody titer of T7 plasma against BA.1 and BA.1 + F486S viruses are shown. Connected symbols represent data from each individual (n = 8, biological replicate). j Neutralization antibody titer of T7 plasma against BA.2 and BA.5 viruses are shown. Connected symbols represent data from each individual (n = 8, biological replicate). Data shown in (a–g) are representative of two independent experiments. *p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA for h), p = 0.0156 (two-tailed Wilcoxon test for i); **p = 0.0022 (two-tailed Mann–Whitney test for f), p = 0.0078 (two-tailed Wilcoxon test for j), p < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA for h).