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. 2023 Jul 14;14:4220. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39931-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — In panel (a), the chart graph highlights the number of different gene functional categories among the upregulated genes of B. longum subsp. longum PRL2022 when grown in contact with Caco2/HT29-MTX host cells. In panel (b), the horizontal bar plot shows the differentially expressed GH101 and GH136 mucin-degrading genes between B. longum subsp. longum PRL2022 grown in contact with Caco2/HT29-MTX human cells and control. In panel (c), the horizontal bar plot reports the mucin-producing genes found upregulated in the eukaryotic host transcriptome from B. longum PRL2022-exposed Caco2/HT29-MTX vs. control. Panel (d) depicts the number of different gene functional categories among the upregulated genes of B. longum subsp. longum 1898B when grown in contact with Caco2/HT29-MTX host cells. Panel (e) shows the differentially expressed GH101 mucin-degrading genes between B. longum subsp. longum 1898B grown in contact with Caco2/HT29-MTX human cells and control. In panel (f), the horizontal bar plot reports the mucin-producing genes found upregulated in the eukaryotic host transcriptome from B. longum 1898B-exposed Caco2/HT29-MTX vs. control. Error bars represent standard deviations from three independent replicates. After normalization of row counts, genewise exact tests were computed to assess the differential expression of each gene. Adjustment of p-values for multiple hypotheses was performed through the false discovery rate (FDR) procedure.