TABLE 1.
Summary of the curated dataset.
| Variable description | Units | TEDDY | TrialNet | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numerical variables, n | ||||
| Number of individuals | 259 | 1006 | 1265 | |
| Continuous variables, mean (SD) | ||||
| Age at derived baseline | Years | 7.3 (2.1) | 14.1 (10.4) | 12.7 (9.7) |
| Stimulated glucose measurement (120 min of OGTT) at baseline | mg/dL | 107 (24.6) | 118.6 (28.6) | 116.3 (28.2) |
| Fasting glucose measurement (0 min of OGTT) at baseline | mg/dL | 87.4 (8.7) | 89.1 (9.4) | 88.8 (9.2) |
| Glycated hemoglobin result at baseline | % | 5.2 (0.2) | 5.1 (0.3) | 5.1 (0.3) |
| C peptide level at baseline (0 min of OGTT). | ng/mL | 1.1 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) |
| C peptide level at baseline (120 min of OGTT). | ng/mL | 3.9 (1.8) | 6.1 (3.1) | 5.7 (3) |
| GLU120 – GLU0 at baseline | mg/dL | 19.7 (25.4) | 29.5 (29.5) | 27.5 (29) |
| PEP120 – PEP0 at baseline | ng/mL | 2.8 (1.6) | 4.6 (2.6) | 4.2 (2.5) |
| GLU120/GLU0 at baseline | – | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) |
| PEP120/PEP0 at baseline | – | 4 (2.2) | 4.3 (2.1) | 4.3 (2.1) |
| Body mass index at baseline | kg/m2 | 16.8 (2.8) | 20.9 (9.2) | 20.1 (8.4) |
| Categorical variables, n [it represents the number of individuals in each category indicator = 1.] (%) [percentage w.r.t. corresponding dataset] | ||||
| GADA AAb presence at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
223 (86.1) | 911 (90.6) | 1134 (89.6) |
| IA2A AAb presence at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
161 (62.2) | 622 (61.8) | 783 (61.9) |
| IAA AAb presence at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
155 (59.8) | 511 (50.8) | 666 (52.6) |
| ZnT8 AAb presence at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
172 (66.4) | 725 (72.1) | 897 (70.9) |
| Presence of at least 2 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
125 (48.3) | 443 (44.0) | 568 (44.9) |
| Presence of at least 3 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
75 (29.0) | 369 (36.7) | 444 (35.1) |
| Presence of at least 4 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
59 (22.8) | 194 (19.3) | 253 (20.0) |
| Subject has FDR with T1D |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
40 (15.4) | 1006 (100) | 1046 (82.7) |
| Subject's sex |
0 = female, 1 = male |
156 (60.2) | 554 (55.1) | 710 (56.1) |
| HLA category as determined by TEDDY's increased risk groups. The high‐risk genotypes for participants screened from the general population were as follows: DR3‐DQ2.5/4‐DQ8, DR4/4, DR4/8, and DR3/3. An additional six genotypes were included for FDR to a subject with T1D: DR4/4, DR4/1, DR4/13, DR4/4, DR4/9, and DR3/9 |
0 = not increased risk, 1 = increased risk |
259 (100) | 364 (36.2) | 623 (49.2) |
| Presence of GADA and IAA AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
39 (15.1) | 137 (13.6) | 176 (13.9) |
| Presence of GADA and IA2A AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
26 (10.0) | 92 (9.1) | 118 (9.3) |
| Presence of GADA and ZNT8 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
37 (14.3) | 149 (14.8) | 186 (14.7) |
| Presence of IA2A and IAA AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
5 (1.9) | 6 (0.6) | 11 (0.9) |
| Presence of IA2A and ZNT8 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
13 (5.0) | 42 (4.2) | 55 (4.3) |
| Presence of IAA and ZNT8 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
5 (1.9) | 17 (1.7) | 22 (1.7) |
| Presence of GADA, IA2A, and IAA AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
17 (6.6) | 46 (4.6) | 63 (5.0) |
| Presence of GADA, IAA, and ZNT8 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
17 (6.6) | 81 (8.1) | 98 (7.7) |
| Presence of GADA, IA2A, and ZNT8 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
28 (10.8) | 212 (21.1) | 240 (19.0) |
| Presence of IA2A, IAA, and ZNT8 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
13 (5.0) | 30 (3.0) | 43 (3.4) |
| Presence of GADA, IA2A, IAA, and ZNT8 AAbs at baseline |
0 = no, 1 = yes |
59 (22.8) | 194 (19.3) | 253 (20.0) |
Abbreviations: AAb, autoantibody; FDR, first degree relative; GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody; GLU0, Fasting glucose measurement (0 min of OGTT); GLU120, stimulated glucose measurement (120 min of OGTT); HLA, human leukocyte antigen; IA2A, islet antigen‐2 autoantibody; IAA, insulin autoantibody; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PEP0, C peptide level at 0 min of OGTT; PEP120, C peptide level at 120 min of OGTT; SD, standard deviation; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T1D, type 1 diabetes; TEDDY, The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young; ZnT8, zinc transporter‐8 autoantibody.