Table 3.
Multivariate associations between childhood adversities and lifetime mental disorders (n=20,427).
| Lifetime disorders | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD | BD | GAD | PD | AUD | DUD | |
| RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | RR(95%CI) | |
| Type of childhood adversity | ||||||
| Parental psychopathology | 1.16 (1.03–1.31)* | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 0.96 (0.75–1.24) | 1.27 (1.07–1.51)* | 1.49 (1.15–1.93)* |
| Physical abuse | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 1.31 (1.03–1.66)* | 0.85 (0.75–0.97)* | 0.98 (0.76–1.28) | 1.44 (1.19–1.74)* | 1.35 (1.05–1.73)* |
| Emotional abuse | 1.41 (1.24–1.61)* | 1.32 (1.00–1.75) | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) | 1.10 (0.83–1.46) | 1.10 (0.90–1.36) | 1.29 (0.98–1.71) |
| Sexual abuse | 1.06 (0.90–1.26) | 0.77 (0.57–1.05) | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | 0.81 (0.57–1.16) | 1.32 (1.01–1.71)* | 1.62 (1.19–2.20)* |
| Neglect | 1.17 (1.04–1.32)* | 1.26 (1.01–1.57)* | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) | 1.29 (1.07–1.57)* | 1.54 (1.21–1.96)* |
| High frequency bully victimization | 1.65 (1.46–1.86)* | 1.50 (1.15–1.96)* | 1.50 (1.32–1.71)* | 1.44 (1.08–1.92)* | 0.78 (0.65–0.94)* | 1.07 (0.81–1.42) |
| Low frequency bully victimization | 1.24 (1.11–1.40)* | 1.33 (1.02–1.72)* | 1.17 (1.03–1.32)* | 1.17 (0.89–1.55) | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) | 1.23 (0.95–1.60) |
| Dating violence | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | 1.43 (1.16–1.77)* | 1.16 (1.03–1.30)* | 1.16 (0.93–1.45) | 1.93 (1.62–2.31)* | 1.77 (1.41–2.22)* |
| Number of adversities | ||||||
| 0–1 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 2 | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 0.98 (0.71–1.35) | 1.12 (0.96–1.31) | 1.22 (0.89–1.68) | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) | 0.96 (0.69–1.35) |
| 3 | 0.83 (0.66–1.04) | 0.84 (0.53–1.33) | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | 1.05 (0.66–1.68) | 0.89 (0.64–1.24) | 0.81 (0.52–1.27) |
| 4+ | 0.58 (0.41–0.81)* | 0.72 (0.37–1.39) | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) | 0.74 (0.37–1.47) | 0.68 (0.41–1.13) | 0.62 (0.32–1.22) |
| Frequency of adversities | 1.19 (1.15–1.22)* | 1.15 (1.09–1.22)* | 1.18 (1.14–1.22)* | 1.19 (1.12–1.27)* | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15)* |
Note. All models adjusted for country, gender, parent education (high vs low, medium vs low), and lifetime disorders latent classes. While 0 was used as a reference for the number of CAs in bivariate models, as the type of CAs already reflected the presence of 0 or 1 CA, the reference used to examine the number of CAs was 0 or 1 in multivariate models. RR: Risk ratio. MDD: major depressive disorder; BD: Bipolar disorder; GAD: generalized anxiety disorder; PD: Panic disorder; AUD: Alcohol use disorder; DUD: Drug use disorder.