Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2022 Jan 11;53(7):2963–2973. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721004980

Table 4.

Multivariate associations between childhood adversities and severe role impairment among those with a 12-month disorder (n=5,703).

Severe role impairment
Home management Work Relationships Social life Any severe impairment
RR(95%CI) RR(95%CI) RR(95%CI) RR(95%CI) RR(95%CI)
Type of childhood adversity
Parental psychopathology 1.12 (0.82–1.53) 1.07 (0.84–1.34) 1.07 (0.87–1.31) 1.04 (0.85–1.27) 1.01 (0.86–1.19)
Physical abuse 1.10 (0.83–1.46) 0.99 (0.80–1.23) 0.96 (0.79–1.17) 0.98 (0.81–1.18) 0.99 (0.85–1.15)
Emotional abuse 1.11 (0.79–1.56) 1.08 (0.84–1.39) 1.03 (0.82–1.28) 0.98 (0.79–1.22) 1.01 (0.85–1.20)
Sexual abuse 1.11 (0.78–1.57) 1.05 (0.79–1.40) 1.03 (0.80–1.34) 0.99 (0.77–1.29) 1.03 (0.85–1.26)
Neglect 1.06 (0.81–1.38) 1.01 (0.82–1.24) 1.11 (0.92–1.34) 1.07 (0.89–1.29) 1.01 (0.87–1.16)
High frequency bully victimization 0.89 (0.64–1.23) 0.94 (0.74–1.19) 1.08 (0.87–1.34) 1.06 (0.86–1.32) 1.00 (0.85–1.18)
Low frequency bully victimization 1.07 (0.76–1.50) 0.97 (0.76–1.23) 1.05 (0.84–1.31) 0.99 (0.79–1.23) 0.99 (0.84–1.18)
Dating violence 1.12 (0.86–1.45) 1.08 (0.89–1.32) 1.06 (0.88–1.27) 1.15 (0.96–1.37) 1.03 (0.89–1.18)
Number of adversities
0–1 ref ref ref ref ref
2 1.02 (0.68–1.54) 1.04 (0.77–1.39) 0.96 (0.74–1.25) 1.07 (0.83–1.39) 1.06 (0.87–1.31)
3 0.72 (0.40–1.30) 1.07 (0.70–1.63) 0.88 (0.60–1.28) 0.98 (0.68–1.43) 1.01 (0.75–1.36)
4+ 0.65 (0.29–1.49) 1.02 (0.55–1.88) 0.63 (0.36–1.11) 0.85 (0.49–1.48) 0.96 (0.62–1.48)
Frequency of adversities 1.15 (1.07–1.23)* 1.06 (1.01–1.12)* 1.13 (1.08–1.18)* 1.08 (1.03–1.13)* 1.08 (1.04–1.12)*

Note. All models adjusted for country, gender, parental education (high vs low, medium vs low), type of 12-month disorder, and presence of 3 or more disorders. While 0 was used as a reference for the number of CAs in bivariate models, as the type of CAs already reflected the presence of 0 or 1 CA, the reference used to examine the number of CAs was 0 or 1 in multivariate models. RR: Risk ratio.