Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

References	Country	Study design	Service type	Population served	Study objective	Method of involvement	Outputs reported
Pocobello et al. 18	Italy	Mixed methods study Qualitative focus groups and quantitative cross‐sectional study.	Coproduced community mental health day centre which organises activities, support groups and so on.	Members with lived experiences of mental health issues.	Investigate the differences between a co‐produced experimental mental health centre and traditional day centres.	Open meetings are held twice a week in which service users and staff discuss and organise the management of the centre.	Difference in hospitalisation rates and use of psychiatric medication. Focus group quotes.
Palmer et al. 19	Australia	Randomised controlled trial, cluster design involving four mental health organisations, patient involvement implemented in nine teams.	Psychosocial recovery‐oriented Mental Health Community Support Services (MHCSS).	People with long‐term psychosocial impairments because of mental illness.	Investigate the impact of experience‐based co‐design (EBCD) of mental health services on psychosocial recovery.	EBCD involves interviews/focus groups with service users. Collaboration in determining priorities and action plans.	Questionnaire (Revised recovery assessment scale—RASR) to measure psychosocial recovery Quality of life (UROHIS‐QoL eight‐item index).
Usman et al. 20	Ireland	Mixed methods questionnaire.	The Psychiatry of Later Life (POLL) community‐based service.	Aged >65 years with mental health difficulties and dementia patients with behavioural disturbance or psychiatric symptoms.	To obtain the views of service users regarding the service and address issues identified.	Audit of service users' views via questionnaire. A cycle of improvements is done after each audit.	Patient satisfaction and user comments regarding service.
Livingston et al. 21	Canada	Mixed methods study. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from service users twice during the 19‐month patient involvement scheme.	Forensic mental health hospital.	Forensic mental health hospital inpatients.	To increase patient engagement by strengthening a patient advisory committee (PAC) and determine what effects this has on perceived service improvements.	PAC: Monthly meetings of patients and staff to discuss hospital‐wide issues and concerns.	Improvements in patient engagement, valuing patient preferences and service user comments.
Wang et al. 22	Canada	Quantitative descriptive study—data collected by clinicians (including questionnaires) extracted from clinic databases.	Youth Wellness Centre (YWC) provides mental health and addiction services.	Emerging adults aged 17–25.	To evaluate how well the YWC is serving populations.	Preferences of service users collected and incorporated into service design. Implementing a youth council to maintain ongoing involvement.	Number of new clients, satisfaction scores, attendance rates and referral methods.
Lwembe et al. 23	United Kingdom	Qualitative study, interviews and focus groups.	Improving access to psychological therapies (IAPT) service.	Black and minority ethnic (BME) communities.	Evaluate a pilot‐coproduced mental health IAPT service to meet the needs of the BME communities.	Staff and patients co‐designed and co‐delivered IAPT services to BME communities using the principles of co‐production	Treatment completion rate and interview quotes.
Springham and Robert 24	United Kingdom	Quantitative descriptive.	Hospital acute mental health triage ward.	Ward patients	To see if using EBCD to redesign procedures and address issues would reduce formal complaints.	Gather patient experiences through narrative‐based interviews. Staff and patients identify priorities and co‐design solutions.	Formal complaints regarding the ward.
Parkes et al. 25	United Kingdom	Qualitative study interviews—two phases—one before and one after the new service is introduced.	Psychiatric wards	People with learning disabilities require an acute psychiatric admission.	To incorporate the views of service users in the development of an integrated psychiatric service for people with learning disabilities.	Interviews with service users.	Qualitative quotes.
Illback and colleagues 15 , 16 , 17	Ireland	Quantitative descriptive.	Jigsaw: Provides early access care for young people with mild‐to‐moderate issues with mental health. Aims to fill the gap and ensure continuity of care for youth.	Young people aged 12–25.	To make current services more accessible by engaging communities in planning, design and implementation. Moreover, to determine whether this reduces psychological distress.	Service planning team meetings consisted of young people and staff. Focus groups with young people. Implementation of a youth advisory panel to inform service delivery.	Psychological distress, referral methods and client demographics.