Table 7. Median reference ranges used during TDM across the regions.
| ASM | Carbamazepine | Phenobarbital | Phenytoin | Valproic acid | Lamotrigine | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference
range |
Lower
limit (IQR) |
Upper limit
(IQR) |
Lower limit
(IQR) |
Upper limit
(IQR) |
Lower limit
(IQR) |
Upper limit
(IQR) |
Lower limit
(IQR) |
Upper limit
(IQR) |
Lower
limit (IQR) |
Upper limit
(IQR) |
| Overall N=18 | 4.0 (4.0-4.6) | 11.81 (10.0-12.0) | 10.0 (9.2-10.0) | 40.0 (32.4-40.0) | 10.0 (10.0-10.0) | 20.0 (20.0-20.0) | 50 (50.0-50.2) | 100.0 (100.0-100.0) | - | - |
| WHO Region | ||||||||||
| African N=7 | 4.0 (4.0-4.0) | 12 (11.8-12.0) | 10 (9.2-10.0) | 40 (25.5-40.0) | 10.0 (10.0-10.0) | 20.0 (20.0-20.0) | 50 (50.0-50.2) | 100.0 (100.0-100.0) | - | |
| European N=6 | 4.0 (4.0-4.0) | 10.0 (10.0-10.0) | 12.5 (10.0-15.0) | 40.0 (40.0-40.0) | 10.0 (10.0-10.0) | 20.0 (20.0-20.0) | 50.0 (50.0-50.0) | 100.0 (100.0-100.0) | 3.0 (3.0-3.0) | 14.0 (14.0-14.0) |
| Western
Pacific N=3 |
- | - | - | - | 10.0 (10.0-10.0) | 20.0 (20.0-20.0) | 50.0 (50.0-50.0) | 100.0 (100.0-100.0) | - | - |
| Eastern
Mediterranean N=1 |
- | - | - | - | 10.0 (10.0-10.0) | 20.0 (20.0-20.0) | ||||
| Americas N=1 | 4.6 (4.6-4.6 | 11.6 (11.6-11.6) | 9.2 (9.2-9.2) | 39.4 (39.4-39.4) | - | - | - | - | - | - |