Table 2.

Common lithium methods therapeutic range referenced in manufacturers instructions for use

Source of therapeutic range from Manufacturer Instruction for Use (IFU) or Textbook	Therapeutic range for lithium level (mmol/L)	Reference cited
Abbott Architect [32]	1.0 – 1.2	Tietz Textbook 4th ed. [21]
Abbott Alinity [29]	1.0 – 1.2	Tietz Textbook 4th ed. [21]
Beckman AU [33]	1.0 – 1.2 (trough) 0.6 (minimum effective)	Tietz Fundamentals 6th ed. [23]
Beckman Synchron and DxC [34]	1.0 – 1.2 (trough) 0.6 (minimum effective)	Tietz Fundamentals 6th ed. [23]
Siemens Advia [35]	1.0 – 1.2	Tietz Textbook 2nd ed. [20]
Siemens Atellica [30]	1.0 – 1.2	Tietz Textbook 2nd ed. [20]
Siemens Dimension Vista [36]	0.6 – 1.2	Tietz Fundamentals 6th ed. [23]
Ortho Vitros [37]	0.6 – 1.2	Tietz Fundamentals 5th ed. [22]
Roche cobas [38]	0.6 – 1.2	Tietz Fundamentals 5th ed. [22]
Roche Direct ISE [39]	0.6 – 1.2	Tietz Clinical Guide 3rd ed. [28]
Tietz Textbook 6th ed. [26]	0.5 – 1.0	Tietz Textbook 5th ed. [25]
Bakerman’s ABC’s Interpretive Laboratory Data 5th ed. [24]	0.5 – 1.2 (acute mania) 0.5 – 1.0 (sustained prophylactic)	Practice Guideline 2002 Am J Psych [40]

For comparison, the ISBD task force on OABD has made specific recommendations on reporting for older adults with target therapeutic ranges for ages 60 to 79 in the range of 0.4 to 0.8 mmol/L, and for those 80 and over in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 mmol/L [17].