Table 1. Hospital Characteristicsa.
| Characteristic (n = 4423) | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Hospital type | |
| Short-term acute care | 3094 (70.1) |
| Critical access | 1323 (30.1) |
| Disproportionate share hospital status | |
| None | 812 (18.4) |
| Medicare only | 411 (9.3) |
| Medicaid only | 962 (21.8) |
| Medicare and Medicaid | 2238 (50.6) |
| Rurality | |
| Rural | 1686 (38.1) |
| Urban | 1311 (29.6) |
| Highly Urban | 1426 (32.2) |
| Teaching hospital | |
| Yes | 1223 (27.7) |
| Hospital belongs to a health system | |
| Yes | 3123 (70.6) |
| Characteristics of census tract of hospital | |
| >20% Black residents | 684 (15.5) |
| >20% Hispanic residents | 846 (19.1) |
| >20% of residents below poverty line | 660 (14.9) |
| Received PHE funds in 2020 or 2021 | |
| Yes | 3529 (80.0) |
| Median PHE funds as a proportion of 2020/2021 operating expenses (IQR)b | 3.1 (1.3 to 6.0) |
| Negative operating margin, 2017-2019 | 1600 (36.3) |
| Negative operating margin, 2020-2021 | 1052 (23.8) |
| Median (IQR) operating margin, 2017-2019, % | 2.8 (−2.8 to 9.3) |
| Median (IQR) operating margin, 2020-2021, % | 6.5 (0.2 to 13.3) |
| Median (IQR) operating margin exclusive of PHE funding, 2020-2021, % | −1.0 (−3.5 to 1.8) |
| Median (IQR) percent change in operating margin from pre-2020 to 2020/2021, %c | −5.9 (−98.1 to 63.6) |
a
Data from 2019 unless otherwise specified.
b
Non-zero dollar values only.
c
Percent change is distinct from percentage point change.