Table 1. Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Reproduction-Related Clinical Parameters Among All Groupsa.
| Characteristic | Group A vs group C | Group B vs group C | Group A vs group B | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group A (n = 642) | Group C (n = 2565) | P value | Group B (n = 151) | Group C (n = 600) | P value | Group A (n = 480) | Group B (n = 146) | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 31.53 (3.54) | 31.53 (3.61) | .38 | 29.69 (3.60) | 29.62 (3.57) | .79 | 30.55 (3.34) | 29.84 (3.52) | .03 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 21.81 (2.96) | 21.79 (2.95) | .70 | 21.81 (2.75) | 21.81 (3.07) | .17 | 21.74 (3.00) | 21.84 (2.77) | .70 |
| Infertility type, No. (%) | |||||||||
| Primary infertility | 292 (45.48) | 1161 (45.26) | .92 | 81 (53.64) | 329 (54.83) | .79 | 243 (50.63) | 76 (52.05) | .76 |
| Secondary infertility | 350 (54.52) | 1404 (54.74) | 70 (46.36) | 271 (45.17) | 237 (49.38) | 70 (47.95) | |||
| Cause of infertility, No. (%) | |||||||||
| Tubal factor | 474 (73.83) | 1932 (75.32) | .44 | 114 (75.50) | 451 (75.17) | .93 | 366 (76.25) | 109 (74.66) | .69 |
| Ovulatory disorders | 10 (1.56) | 33 (1.29) | .60 | 3 (1.99) | 13 (1.99) | .89 | 3 (0.63) | 8 (5.48) | .76 |
| PCOS | 57 (8.88) | 203 (7.91) | .42 | 34 (22.52) | 133 (22.17) | .93 | 57 (11.88) | 29 (19.86) | .01 |
| EMs | 25 (3.89) | 99 (3.86) | .97 | 4 (2.65) | 15 (2.50) | .92 | 13 (2.71) | 4 (2.74) | .98 |
| Male factor | 123 (19.16) | 442 (17.23) | .25 | 25 (16.56) | 110 (18.33) | .61 | 85 (17.71) | 25 (17.12) | .87 |
| Unexplained | 15 (2.34) | 60 (2.34) | .10 | 1 (0.66) | 5 (0.83) | .83 | 5 (1.04) | 1 (0.68) | .70 |
| Duration of infertility, median (IQR), y | 3 (2-5) | 3 (2-5) | .62 | 3 (2-5) | 3 (2-5) | .32 | 3 (2-5) | 3 (2-5) | .88 |
| AMH level, median (IQR), ng/mL | 3.49 (1.81-5.74) | 3.52 (1.89-5.83) | .65 | 4.94 (2.74-7.69) | 5.13 (2.91-7.97) | .44 | 3.96 (2.13-6.25) | 4.69 (2.68-7.44) | .01 |
| FSH level, median (IQR), mIU/mL | 7.45 (6.35-8.83) | 7.48 (6.39-8.91) | .93 | 7.20 (6.16-8.50) | 7.15 (6.03-8.31) | .72 | 7.39 (6.29-8.68) | 7.21 (6.17-8.64) | .23 |
| LH level, median (IQR), mIU/mL | 4.57 (3.31-6.23) | 4.14 (3.08-5.82) | .001 | 4.43 (3.51-6.72) | 4.57 (3.31-6.70) | .69 | 4.51 (3.36-6.25) | 4.37 (3.44-6.30) | .52 |
| Estradiol level, median (IQR), pmol/L | 49 (37-66) | 48 (36-63) | .06 | 47 (37-63) | 50 (37-63) | .54 | 49 (37-65) | 46 (36-62) | .32 |
| Progesterone level, median (IQR), ng/mL | 0.61 (0.41-0.90) | 0.58 (0.39-0.86) | .15 | 0.66 (0.45-0.96) | 0.60 (0.43-0.88) | .23 | 0.62 (0.43-0.92) | 0.67 (0.45-1) | .39 |
| Endometrial thickness on the day of planning FET, median (IQR), mm | 9.00 (8.50-10.50) | 9.00 (8.50-10.50) | .75 | 9.50 (8.50-10.50) | 9.50 (8.50-10.25) | .87 | 9.00 (8.50-10.50) | 9.50 (8.50-10.50) | .65 |
| FET protocol, No. (%) | |||||||||
| Natural cycle | 43 (6.70) | 190 (7.41) | .92 | 8 (5.30) | 32 (5.33) | .96 | 30 (6.25) | 8 (5.48) | .85 |
| DRC | 59 (9.19) | 239 (9.32) | 10 (6.62) | 33 (5.50) | 41 (8.54) | 10 (6.85) | |||
| HRC | 481 (74.92) | 1892 (73.76) | 113 (74.83) | 458 (76.33) | 355 (73.96) | 109 (74.66) | |||
| OPC | 59 (9.19) | 244 (9.51) | 20 (13.25) | 77 (12.83) | 54 (11.25) | 19 (13.01) | |||
| No. of embryos transferred, No. (%) | |||||||||
| 1 | 204 (31.78) | 842 (32.83) | .61 | 39 (25.83) | 181 (30.17) | .30 | 144 (30.00) | 38 (26.03) | .36 |
| 2 | 438 (68.22) | 1723 (67.17) | 112 (74.17) | 419 (69.83) | 336 (70.00) | 108 (73.97) | |||
| Type of embryo transferred, No. (%) | |||||||||
| Blastocyst | 507 (78.97) | 2043 (79.65) | .70 | 124 (82.12) | 497 (82.83) | .84 | 392 (81.67) | 120 (82.19) | .89 |
| Cleavage | 135 (21.03) | 522 (20.35) | 27 (17.88) | 103 (17.17) | 88 (18.33) | 26 (17.81) | |||
| No. of good quality embryos transferred, No. (%) | |||||||||
| 0 | 171 (26.64) | 668 (26.04) | .94 | 36 (23.84) | 146 (24.33) | .89 | 119 (24.79) | 35 (23.97) | .97 |
| 1 | 215 (33.49) | 857 (33.41) | 54 (35.76) | 202 (33.67) | 169 (35.21) | 51 (34.93) | |||
| 2 | 256 (39.88) | 1040 (40.55) | 61 (40.40) | 252 (42.00) | 192 (40.00) | 60 (41.10) | |||
Abbreviations: AMH, antimüllerian hormone; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); DRC, downregulation cycle; EMs, endometriosis; FET, freeze-thaw embryo transfer; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; HRC, hormone replacement cycle; LH, luteinizing horomone; OPC, ovulation-promoting cycle; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome.
SI conversion factor: To convert to nmol/L, multiply by 3.18.
Group A indicates hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) negative; group B, HBsAg positive and HBeAg positive; and group C, HBsAg negative and HBeAg negative. The variables in the propensity score–matched model include age of women, body mass index, duration of infertility, type of infertility, basal sex hormone level (estradiol, progesterone, FSH, and LH), AMH level, endometrial preparation protocols, endometrial thickness, the number of good-quality embryos transferred, and the type of embryos transferred.