Table 5.
Number of microbial gene families and metabolic pathways showing the highest abundances at late intervention periods.
| Microbial gene families modulated by guar gum administration | Microbial metabolic pathways modulated by guar gum administration | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Frequency | Taxa | Frequency |
| Parabacteroides distasonis | 3,602 | Bacteroides ovatus | 71 |
| Phascolarctobacterium faecium | 1773 | Parabacteroides distasonis | 71 |
| Bacteroides ovatus | 1,282 | Bacteroides caccae | 57 |
| Parabacteroides merdae | 1,113 | Collinsella aerofaciens | 44 |
| Oscillibacter sp. 57 20 | 877 | Parabacteroides merdae | 44 |
| Ruminococcus torques | 507 | Phascolarctobacterium faecium | 38 |
| Bacteroides caccae | 505 | Ruminococcus bicirculans | 38 |
| Collinsella aerofaciens | 494 | Barnesiella intestinihominis | 35 |
| Ruminococcus bromii | 348 | Agathobaculum butyriciproducens | 20 |
| Butyricimonas virosa | 192 | Lachnospira pectinoschiza | 16 |
| Ruminococcus bicirculans | 185 | Oscillibacter sp. 57 20 | 15 |
| Agathobaculum butyriciproducens | 103 | Bacteroides finegoldii | 8 |
| Barnesiella intestinihominis | 102 | Akkermansia muciniphila | 6 |
| Ruminococcus lactaris | 37 | Ruminococcus torques | 5 |
| Bacteroides finegoldii | 35 | Ruminococcus bromii | 2 |
| Lachnospira pectinoschiza | 35 | Butyricimonas synergistica | 1 |
| Oscillibacter sp. CAG 241 | 24 | Butyricimonas virosa | 1 |
| Akkermansia muciniphila | 16 | Coprobacter fastidiosus | 1 |
| Coprobacter fastidiosus | 2 | Total | 473 |
| Total | 11,232 | ||
| Microbial metabolic pathways modulated by guar gum administration | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Function | Frequency | Function | Frequency |
| Unknown | 16 | L-arginine biosynthesis II | 3 |
| 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis I | 11 | L-histidine degradation I | 3 |
| 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis II | 11 | L-ornithine biosynthesis II | 3 |
| Superpathway of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis | 11 | L-rhamnose degradation I | 3 |
| UMP biosynthesis I | 11 | Methylerythritol phosphate pathway II | 3 |
| L-valine biosynthesis | 10 | Pyridoxal 5-phosphate biosynthesis I | 3 |
| UMP biosynthesis II | 10 | Sucrose biosynthesis II | 3 |
| UMP biosynthesis III | 10 | Superpathway of adenosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis I | 3 |
| Adenine and adenosine salvage III | 9 | Superpathway of adenosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II | 3 |
| Coenzyme A biosynthesis I | 9 | Superpathway of guanosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II | 3 |
| Guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | 9 | Superpathway of pyridoxal 5-phosphate biosynthesis and salvage | 3 |
| Queuosine biosynthesis I | 9 | Thiamine phosphate formation from pyrithiamine and oxythiamine | 3 |
| UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis I | 9 | 6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis I | 2 |
| Coenzyme A biosynthesis II | 8 | Glycogen degradation II | 2 |
| Methylerythritol phosphate pathway I | 8 | Glycolysis III | 2 |
| Peptidoglycan biosynthesis I | 8 | Guanosine nucleotides degradation III | 2 |
| Superpathway of coenzyme A biosynthesis III | 8 | L-methionine biosynthesis III | 2 |
| Chorismate biosynthesis from 3-dehydroquinate | 7 | L-ornithine biosynthesis I | 2 |
| Chorismate biosynthesis I | 7 | NAD de novo biosynthesis I | 2 |
| dTDP-beta;-L-rhamnose biosynthesis | 7 | Pentose phosphate pathway I | 2 |
| Fatty acid biosynthesis initiation | 7 | Pentose phosphate pathway II | 2 |
| Inosine-5-phosphate biosynthesis II | 7 | Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide phosphorylation | 2 |
| L-histidine biosynthesis | 7 | Pyruvate fermentation to acetate and (S)-lactate I | 2 |
| L-isoleucine biosynthesis I | 7 | Pyruvate fermentation to acetate and lactate II | 2 |
| L-isoleucine biosynthesis III | 7 | Pyruvate fermentation to isobutanol | 2 |
| Peptidoglycan biosynthesis III | 7 | Seleno-amino acid biosynthesis | 2 |
| Phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I | 7 | Sucrose degradation III | 2 |
| Superpathway of branched chain amino acid biosynthesis | 7 | Superpathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis | 2 |
| UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis II | 7 | Superpathway of pyrimidine nucleobases salvage | 2 |
| inosi$ne-5-phosphate biosynthesis I | 6 | 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine biosynthesis II | 1 |
| L-lysine biosynthesis III | 6 | ADP-L-glycero-beta;-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis | 1 |
| L-methionine biosynthesis IV | 6 | biotin biosynthesis II | 1 |
| preQ0 biosynthesis | 6 | Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle | 1 |
| Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides salvage | 6 | CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis | 1 |
| Superpathway of coenzyme A biosynthesis I | 6 | Entner-Doudoroff pathway I | 1 |
| Superpathway of guanosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis I | 6 | GDP-mannose biosynthesis | 1 |
| UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis III | 6 | L-arginine biosynthesis III | 1 |
| CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis I | 5 | L-arginine degradation XIII | 1 |
| CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis II | 5 | L-histidine degradation III | 1 |
| Folate transformations III | 5 | L-lysine biosynthesis II | 1 |
| Inosine 5-phosphate degradation | 5 | Lactose and galactose degradation I | 1 |
| L-lysine biosynthesis VI | 5 | Methanogenesis from acetate | 1 |
| Superpathway of L-serine and glycine biosynthesis I | 5 | Molybdopterin biosynthesis | 1 |
| tRNA charging | 5 | Myo-, chiro-and scyllo-inositol degradation | 1 |
| Adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II | 4 | O-antigen building blocks biosynthesis | 1 |
| Cis-vaccenate biosynthesis | 4 | Pentose phosphate pathway | 1 |
| Folate transformations II | 4 | Purine ribonucleosides degradation | 1 |
| Glycogen biosynthesis I | 4 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine salvage I | 1 |
| Guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II | 4 | Stachyose degradation | 1 |
| Peptidoglycan maturation | 4 | Sucrose degradation IV | 1 |
| UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis I | 4 | Superpathway of L-aspartate and L-asparagine biosynthesis | 1 |
| Flavin biosynthesis I | 3 | Superpathway of L-threonine biosynthesis | 1 |
| Glycolysis IV | 3 | Superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | 1 |
| Gondoate biosynthesis | 3 | Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis I | 1 |
| Isoprene biosynthesis I | 3 | Thiamine diphosphate salvage II | 1 |
| L-arginine biosynthesis I | 3 | Total | 473 |
These gene families and metabolic pathways modulated by guar gum administration are summarized by bacterial species and metabolic function. These gene families and metabolic pathways showed significantly (p < 0.05 and padj < 0.25) higher abundances at final period than basal period.