Table 5.

Patient-dependent risk factors for EVDRI

		Case No	No EVDRI	EVDRI	Bivariate	Logistic regression
EVD infection		198	n = 175	n = 23
Age (mean ± SD)			55 ± 15	53 ± 16	NS
Gender	Female	108	96/175 (55%)	12/23 (52%)	NS
Diagnosis at admission	Subarachnoid hemorrhage	85	75/175 (43%)	10/23 (44%)	NS
	Intracerebral hemorrhage	48	44/175 (25%)	4/23 (8%)
	Tumor	28	23/175 (13%)	5/23 (22%)
	Traumatic brain injury	8	7/175 (4%)	1/23 (4%)
	Other	27	25/175 (14%)	2/23 (9%)
GCS median (IQR)	At hospital admission		13 (7–15)	13 (8–15)	NS
GCS median (IQR)	At ICU admission		9 (5–14)	9 (7–15)	NS
Severity scores at ICU admission	Apache III (mean ± SD)		51 ± 26	55 ± 27	NS
	SOFA median (IQR)		6 (4–8)	6 (4–8)	NS
Previous open neurosurgery		74	61/175 (35%)	13/23 (57%)	0.043	2.7 (95% CI, 1.1–6.8)
Intraventricular Hemorrhage		131	116/175 (66%)	15/23 (65%)	NS
Concomitant systemic infection		167	144/175 (82%)	23/23 (100%)	0.028	NS
Nasal colonization		5	4/175 (2%)	1/23 (4%)	NS
Rectal colonization		33	25/174 (14%)	8/23 (35%)	0.014	NS
Other treatments:	Barbiturate	11	9/175 (5%)	2/23 (9%)	NS
	Corticosteroids	109	95/175 (54%)	14/23 (61%)	NS
	Urokinase	5	4/175 (2%)	1/23 (4%)	NS
Indication for EVD	Hydrocephalus	110	96/175 (55%)	14/23 (61%)	NS
	Intraventricular hemorrhage	80	72/175 (41%)	8/23 (35%)
	Other	8	7/175 (4%)	1/23 (4%)
Hospital days before EVD			0 (0–2)	1 (0–9)	NS

Concomitant systemic infection referred to respiratory, urinary, catheter, or other infection. Nasal and rectal colonization referred to positive resistant cultures of nosocomial screenings made routinely

EVD  External ventricular drain, EVDRI EVD-related infection, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, NS Not significant