Table 1. Ingredient and proximate composition of experimental diets (% dry matter basis).
| Calcium source/Calcium percentage | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingredients | 0% ES | 3% ES | 6% ES | 6% SS | 9% ES |
| aSoybean meal | 61.5 | 61.5 | 61.5 | 61.5 | 61.5 |
| bCorn starch | 25 | 22 | 19 | 19 | 16 |
| cCMC | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| dVitamin premix | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| eMineral premix | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| fPalm oil | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| gEggshell | 0 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 |
| hSeashell | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Proximate composition | |||||
| Moisture | 12.2 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.2 |
| Crude protein | 30.3 | 30.1 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 30.2 |
| Lipid | 8.1 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 7.8 |
| Ash | 10.8 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 10.5 |
Notes:
GENTIDE fermented soybean, China.
STAR brand. Giant Sdn. Bhd.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Sigma.
Vitamin mixture (g/kg mixture): Ascorbic acid, 45.0; Inositol, 8.0; Choline chloride, 75.0; Niacin, 4.5; Riboflavin, 1.0; Pyridoxine HCL, 1.0; Thiamine HCL, 0.92Retinyl acetate, 0.60; Vitamin D3, 0.083; Menadione, 1.67; DL alpha tocopherol acetate, 8.0; D-biotin, 0.02; Folic acid, 0.09; Vitamin B12, 0.00135.
Mineral mixture (g/kg mixture): 327.0; Ferrous sulphate, 25.0; Magnesium sulphate, 132.0; Potassium chloride, 50.0; Sodium chloride, 60.0; Potassium iodide, 0.15; Copper sulphate, 0.785; Manganese oxide, 0.8; Cobalt carbonate, 1.0; Zinc oxide, 3.0; Sodium salenite, 0.011.
Sri Murni Brand Palm Oil.
Eggshells collected from local restaurants, Restaurant Jamal Saleem.
Seashells collected from the local beach, Tanjung Aru Beach.