Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics of Diabetic Patients with and without Atrial Fibrillation
| Diabetes with PAF | Diabetes without PAF | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 30 | n = 30 | ||
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 33.6 ± 5.2 | 31.8 ± 1.6 | 0.07 |
| Obesity n (%) | 7 (23) | 5 (18) | 0.63 |
| CAD | 20 (68) | 17 (57) | 0.38 |
| HTN | 25 (82) | 23 (76) | 0.57 |
| HFpEF | 13 (43) | 12 (40) | 0.81 |
| History of stroke/TIA | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.27 |
| Dyslipidemia | 17 (56) | 16 (53) | 0.81 |
| Smoking (current, %) | 2 (9) | 3 (10) | 0.89 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 143±15 | 141±16 | 0.61 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 85.4±11 | 82.7 ±9 | 0.30 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 85.1±13 | 79.6±13 | 0.20 |
| ABI | 1.09±0.19 | 1.13±0.17 | 0.39 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 174±40 | 183±62 | 0.50 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 40.5 ± 10.2 | 44.0±14.7 | 0.28 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 129.4±31 | 130.5±30 | 0.88 |
| Triglyceride (mgl/dL) | 172.14±57 | 158.7±69 | 0.41 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 153.6±50 | 161.1 ±61 | 0.50 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.1±0.9 | 6.9±0.7 | 0.34 |
| ASAT (U/L) | 24±9 | 23±5 | 0.59 |
| ALAT (U/L) | 37±7 | 36±5 | 0.52 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 412.2±248 | 344.0±266 | 0.24 |
| eGFR | 62.5±6 | 63.7±9 | 0.54 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score (mean ± 1 SD) | 4.6±1.5 | 4.2±1.2 | 0.23 |
| 0–1 | 5 (17) | 9 (31) | |
| ≥2 | 25 (83) | 21 (69) | 0.20 |
| LVEF | 48.5±6.2 | 47.7±6.1 | 0.64 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 6.5±4 | 5.3±2 | 0.14 |
| Diabetes treatment | |||
| ● Oral antidiabetic drugs | 21 (70%) | 19 (62%) | 0.51 |
| ● Insulin | 8 (25%) | 10 (30%) | 0.66 |
| ● SGLT2i | 5 (18) | 6 (21) | 0.77 |
| Statins | 15 (60) | 17 (57) | 0.81 |
| Beta blockers | 24 (82) | 24 (80) | 0.84 |
| ACE-i/ARB | 48 (80) | 23 (75) | 0.64 |
| CCB | 10 (33) | 12 (40) | 0.57 |
| Diuretics | 16 (52) | 14 (48) | 0.75 |
| ASA | 5 (17) | 16 (52) | <0.0001 |
| Clopidogrel | 15 (51) | 14 (48) | 0.81 |
| Acenocumarol | 30 (100) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
| Amiodarone | 10 (32) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
Notes: The data is given as a mean, standard deviation, or number (percentage).
Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial index; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; AF, atrial fibrillation; ALAT, alanine amino transferase; ARB, angiotensin-1 receptor blockers; ASA, Aspirin; ASAT, aspartate amino-transferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CHA2DS2-VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to 74, sex category (female); FPG, fasting plasma glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HTN, hypertension; LDL, low density lipoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro- brain type natriuretic peptides; U, units; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; TIA, transient ischemic attack.