Table 1.
Patient characteristics in the training and validation cohorts
| Characteristics | Training cohort (n = 79) | Validation cohort (n = 33) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR (n = 27) | PD + SD (n = 52) | p | PR (n = 11) | PD + SD (n = 22) | p | |
| Gender | 0.355 | 0.632 | ||||
| Male | 23 (85.2%) | 49 (94.2%) | 8 (72.7%) | 19 (86.4%) | ||
| Female | 4 (14.8%) | 3 (5.8%) | 3 (27.3%) | 3 (13.6%) | ||
| Age (y) | 51.7 ± 13 | 50.8 ± 12.9 | 0.761 | 54.7 ± 8.2 | 53.9 ± 10.4 | 0.810 |
| Maximum tumor size (mm) | 1.000 | 0.701 | ||||
| > 100 | 18 (66.7%) | 34 (65.4%) | 8 (72.7%) | 13 (59.1%) | ||
| ≤ 100 | 9 (33.3%) | 18 (34.6%) | 3 (27.3%) | 9 (40.9%) | ||
| BCLC stage | 0.456 | 1.000 | ||||
| B | 1 (3.7%) | 6 (11.5%) | 1 (9.1%) | 3 (13.6%) | ||
| C | 26 (96.3%) | 46 (88.5%) | 10 (90.9%) | 19 (86.4%) | ||
| Tumor number (N) | 0.318 | 1.000 | ||||
| 1 | 11 (40.7%) | 14 (26.9%) | 4 (36.4%) | 9 (40.9%) | ||
| > 1 | 16 (59.3%) | 38 (73.1%) | 7 (63.6%) | 13 (59.1%) | ||
| PVTT type | 0.456 | 1.000 | ||||
| None | 1 (3.7%) | 6 (11.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 3 (13.6%) | ||
| I | 6 (22.2%) | 14 (26.9%) | 3 (27.3%) | 1 (4.5%) | ||
| II | 11 (40.7%) | 16 (30.8%) | 5 (45.5%) | 11 (50.0%) | ||
| III | 8 (29.6%) | 15 (28.8%) | 1 (9.1%) | 6 (27.3%) | ||
| IV | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.5%) | ||
| Cause of disease | 0.348 | 1.000 | ||||
| HBV | 27 (100%) | 48 (92.3%) | 10 (90.9%) | 20 (90.9%) | ||
| Othersa | 0 (0%) | 4 (7.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | 2 (9.1%) | ||
| Child–Pugh class | 1.000 | 0.150 | ||||
| A | 23 (85.2%) | 45 (86.5%) | 11 (100.0%) | 16 (72.7%) | ||
| B | 4 (14.8%) | 7 (13.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (27.3%) | ||
| DCP (mAU/ml) | 1.000 | 0.678 | ||||
| ≤ 1000 | 4 (14.8%) | 7 (13.5%) | 4 (36.4%) | 5 (22.7%) | ||
| > 1000 | 23 (85.2%) | 45 (86.5%) | 7 (63.6%) | 17 (77.3%) | ||
| ALT (U/L) | 0.151 | 1.000 | ||||
| ≤ 40 | 8 (29.6%) | 7 (13.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 5 (22.7%) | ||
| > 40 | 19 (70.4%) | 45 (86.5%) | 9 (81.8%) | 17 (77.3%) | ||
| AST (U/L) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| ≤ 40 | 2 (7.4%) | 4 (7.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | 2 (9.1%) | ||
| > 40 | 25 (92.6%) | 48 (92.3%) | 10 (90.9%) | 20 (90.9%) | ||
| ALB (g/L) | 0.245 | 0.314 | ||||
| ≤ 35 | 3 (11.1%) | 13 (25.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | 7 (31.8%) | ||
| > 35 | 24 (88.9%) | 39 (75.0%) | 10 (90.9%) | 15 (68.2%) | ||
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 0.915 | 0.900 | ||||
| ≤ 20 | 12 (44.4%) | 21 (40.4%) | 7 (63.6%) | 12 (54.5%) | ||
| > 20 | 15 (55.6%) | 31 (59.6%) | 4 (36.4%) | 10 (45.5%) | ||
| PT (s) | 0.591 | 0.105 | ||||
| ≤ 13 | 10 (37.0%) | 24 (46.2%) | 9 (81.8%) | 10 (45.5%) | ||
| > 13 | 17 (63.0%) | 28 (53.8%) | 2 (18.2%) | 12 (54.5%) | ||
| AFP (ng/ml) | 0.667 | 0.850 | ||||
| ≤ 20 | 2 (7.4%) | 7 (13.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 2 (9.1%) | ||
| 20–200 | 3 (11.1%) | 9 (17.3%) | 2 (18.2%) | 3 (13.6%) | ||
| ≥ 200 | 22 (81.5%) | 36 (69.2%) | 7 (63.6%) | 17 (77.3%) | ||
| ALBI | − 2.5 ± 0.5 | − 2.3 ± 0.4 | 0.025 | − 2.5 ± 0.4 | − 2.3 ± 0.4 | 0.082 |
DCP des-γ-carboxy prothrombin, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALB albumin, TBIL total bilirubin, PT prothrombin time, AFP Alpha fetoprotein level, PVTT portal vein tumor thrombus, ALBI Albumin-Bilirubin score
aIncluding 4 case of HCV and 3 cases with unknown causes