Table 1.
Comparisons of participant characteristics ((n) % or mean ± SD) and subgroup comparisons (1-4).
| Total Sample | 1 Younger good self-report (n=99) |
2 Younger poor self-report (n=119) |
3 Older poor self-report (n=48) |
4 Older good self-report (n=27) |
P-Value | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 1 vs. 4 | 2 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 4 | 3 vs. 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics at Baseline | ||||||||||||
| Age, years | 26.2 ± 9.4 | 22.7 ± 0.9 | 24.6 ± 1.3 | 31.3 ± 2.7 | 36.3 ± 3.0 | <0.001 | 0.30 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.020 |
| Sex, F:M | 134:159 | 38:61 | 63:56 | 15:33 | 18:9 | 0.004 | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.003 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 ± 4.0 | 24.4 ± 0.5 | 24.4 ± 0.4 | 26.2 ± 0.9 | 24.7 ± 1.0 | 0.040 | 0.97 | 0.03 | 1.0 | 0.07 | 0.99 | 0.18 |
| Days from Injury | 56.6 ± 30.6 | 50.5 ± 3.1 | 56.4 ± 3.8 | 62.6 ± 7.2 | 69.3 ± 12.2 | 0.020 | 0.67 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.48 | 0.18 | 0.87 |
| Pre-Injury Level, 1:2 | 203:90 | 86:13 | 87:32 | 30:18 | 0:27 | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.18 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Concomitant Injury (y) | 147 (50%) | 46 (47%) | 66 (55%) | 29 (60%) | 6 (22%) | 0.006 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.023 | 0.56 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Previous ACL Tear (y) | 24 (8%) | 11 (11%) | 8 (7%) | 5 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0.24 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Potential Coper (y)* | 173 (59%) | 87 (88%) | 69 (58%) | 1 (2%) | 16 (59%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.87 | <0.001 |
| Function at Baseline | ||||||||||||
| Quadriceps Strength | 89.4 ± 11.0 | 94.0 ± 1.3 | 88.2 ± 1.6 | 85.1 ± 1.5 | 85.1 ± 2.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.99 |
| Single Hop | 89.7 ± 11.9 | 94.7 ± 1.1 | 89.8 ± 1.5 | 80.4 ± 3.23 | 85.0 ± 2.7 | <0.001 | 0.02 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.13 | 0.30 |
| Timed Hop | 94.0 ± 9.3 | 98.5 ± 1.0 | 93.5 ± 1.1 | 87.3 ± 2.8 | 88.8 ± 2.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.02 | 0.99 |
| Self-Reported Outcome Measures at Baseline | ||||||||||||
| IKDC | 70.7 ± 12.55 | 81.6 ± 2.0 | 66.7 ± 1.7 | 53.6 ± 1.7 | 77.6 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| KOS-ADLS | 84.6 ± 10.6 | 93.3 ± 1.2 | 83.2 ± 1.8 | 66.9 ± 1.4 | 90.1 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.02 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Global Rating Score | 78.4 ± 14.0 | 86.7 ± 1.7 | 75.8 ± 1.4 | 62.9 ± 4.1 | 86.0 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Secondary Outcomes at 5 Years: New Injuries | ||||||||||||
| Ipsilateral ACL tear (y) | 23 (9.7%) | 12 (12.2%) | 8 (10.7%) | 3 (7.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.31 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Contralateral ACL Tear (y) | 15 (6.4%) | 7 (9.3%) | 6 (6.3%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.51 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| All second injuries (y) | 54 (23.1%) | 20 (24.2%) | 23 (26.7%) | 8 (20%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.50 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
SD, standard deviation; F:M, female: male; BMI, Body Mass Index; ACL, Anterior Cruciate Ligament; IKDC, International Knee Documentation Committee; KOS-ADLS, Knee Outcome Survey-Activity of Daily Living Subscale.
*
potential coper is defined as: Knee Outcome Survey-Activity of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) scores ≥ 80%, global rating scale of perceived function (GRS) scores ≥ 60%, symmetry on the timed hop ≥ 80%, and ≤1 episode of knee giving way during activities of daily living