Table 1.

Characteristics of respondents who reported smoking or vaping and change thereof during the pandemic

	Smoking (N = 150)				Vaping (N = 110)
	No Change (n = 66)	Smoking More (n = 50)	Smoking Less (n = 34)	P-value	No Change (n = 54)	Vaping More (n = 26)	Vaping Less (n = 30)	P- value
Age in years, mean (SD)	46 (16)	41 (13)	50 (17)	0.04	43 (15)	40 (13)	46 (16)	0.39
Sex, n (%)
Female	39 (59%)	27 (54%)	22 (65%)	0.62	27 (50%)	8 (31%)	15 (50%)	0.22
Male	27 (41%)	23 (46%)	12 (35%)		27 (50%)	18 (69%)	15 (50%)
Race/Ethnicity, n (%)
Not White	11 (18%)	8 (16%)	9 (29%)	0.32	14 (26%)	2 (8%)	7 (24%)	0.18
White	51 (82%)	42 (84%)	22 (71%)		40 (74%)	23 (92%)	22 (76%)
Education Level, n (%)
Associate's	16 (24%)	12 (24%)	12 (35%)	0.60	12 (22%)	3 (12%)	3 (10%)	0.26
Bachelor's	21 (32%)	20 (40%)	11 (32%)		22 (41%)	8 (31%)	15 (50%)
Graduate Level	29 (44%)	18 (36%)	11 (32%)		20 (37%)	15 (58%)	12 (40%)
Employment, n (%)
Working	33 (50%)	34 (68%)	21 (62%)	0.14	39 (72%)	21 (81%)	21 (70%)	0.62
Not Working	33 (50%)	16 (32%)	13 (38%)		15 (28%)	5 (19%)	9 (30%)
COVID Threat Scale Score, mean (SD)	−0.47 (1.08)	0.04 (0.88)	0.06 (0.84)	0.02	−0.2 (1.04)	−0.11 (0.74)	0.21 (0.59)	0.17
PHQ-2 Score, mean (SD)	2.1 (1.8)	3.5 (1.7)	2.0 (2.0)	< 0.01	2.2 (2.1)	2.8 (2.1)	2.0 (1.4)	0.38
Depression Diagnosis, n (%)
No	37 (59%)	13 (36%)	22 (67%)	0.03	27 (60%)	11 (61%)	20 (69%)	0.72
Yes	26 (41%)	23 (64%)	11 (33%)		18 (40%)	7 (39%)	9 (31%)
GAD-2 Score, mean (SD)	2.3 (1.9)	3.8 (1.7)	2.5 (2.1)	< 0.01	2.8 (2.2)	3.8 (1.7)	2.6 (1.6)	0.04
Anxiety Diagnosis, n (%)
No	37 (57%)	11 (24%)	20 (59%)	< 0.01	25 (48%)	7 (28%)	16 (53%)	0.14
Yes	28 (43%)	34 (76%)	14 (41%)		27 (72%)	18 (52%)	14 (47%)

N.B.: PHQ-2 = Patient Health Questionnaire, 2 items; GAD-2 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, 2-items; COVID Threat Scale = factor weighted perceived threat to COVID-19 (novel scale) where each point change is 1 SD change in participant response compared to mean of sample