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. 2023 Jul 3;14:1215329. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215329

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Copyright © 2023 Gravina, Pellegrino, Palladino, Coppola, Brandimarte, Tuccillo, Ciardiello, Romano and Federico

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Differences in RT-PCR gene expression expressed as expression ratio for Cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) between normal mucosa (white circles) and inflamed mucosa (grey circles). Significant differences in gene expression between NAM (Nor-mal Appearing Mucosa) and IM (Inflamed Mucosa) are expressed with “*” equal to a p-value of at least less than 0.05. Data are shown as medians and interquartile ranges. non-significant (p > 0.05).