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. 2023 Jul 3;14:1215329. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215329

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Copyright © 2023 Gravina, Pellegrino, Palladino, Coppola, Brandimarte, Tuccillo, Ciardiello, Romano and Federico

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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RT-PCR gene expression (above) expressed as expression ratio as well as representative Western Blot (below with control of α-Tubulin) for Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in patients with Crohn’s Disease (A) and Ulcerative Colitis (B). Data are shown for both Normal Appearing Mucosa (NAM) as well as Inflamed Mucosa (IM) both at baseline (T0) and after 120 minutes (T1) and 180 minutes (T2) of incubation with the compound under study. Significant differences in gene expression between times are expressed with “*” equal to a p-value of at least less than 0.05. Data are shown as medians and interquartile ranges.