Figure 3. Interferon signaling leads to the establishment of an antiviral state in uninfected cells.

Recognition of a viral infection in infected cells leads to production of IFN‐β and IFN‐λ, whereas recognition of viruses by pDCs leads to production of large amount of IFN‐α. The IFNs signal through their respective receptor complexes to induce the expression of ISGs in uninfected cells and thereby establish an antiviral state.