Fig. 8.

Conceptual summary of proposed medial temporal lobe and prefrontal contributions to memory reactivation, selection, and integration. (A) Example initial (AB) and overlapping (BC) pairs. (B) During presentation of an overlapping pair, the individual items are represented in PHC and PRC. The related initial memory is retrieved in aHPC (step 1), causing reactivation of A item perceptual (PHC/PRC) and semantic (pmPFC) information (step 2). The conflict between the previous memory and the new event triggers reactive control mechanisms in PFC (step 3). Control mechanisms then determine whether an integrated or differentiated memory is formed in aHPC. (C) If vlPFC inhibits the initial memory by suppressing activity specific to the A item in amPFC (step 4a), connections via PHC/PRC will cause the A item to also be suppressed in aHPC. As a result, a differentiated memory will be formed for the overlapping pair, distinct from the memory of the initial pair. (D) If control mechanisms instead select for the A item (step 4b), an integrated memory will be formed in aHPC.