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A schematic diagram of the molecular mechanism using anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy to restore T-cell functions. PD-1 on T lymphocytes and PD-L1 on tumor cells are two important immune checkpoints that, when combined, transmit inhibitory signals for T-cell activation. The inhibitors of PD-1 or PD-L1 could block the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and rescue the T-cell functions. PD-1, programmed death 1; PD-L1, programmed death 1 ligand.
