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. 2023 Jul 3;14:1227797. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227797

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Potential predictive biomarkers of response for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Biomarkers could be found from two traditional biopsy samples and the peripheral blood. Biomarkers isolated from traditional biopsy mainly include PD-L1 expression, TMB, dMMR/MSI, and tumor-specific genes (TP53, TP53/KMT2C, KRAS, and EGFR). Peripheral blood biomarkers include ctDNA, bTMB, immune cells, TCR, soluble PD-L1, and cytokines. Gut microbiome is also a promising predictor for immunotherapy in lung cancer. PD-L1, programmed death 1 ligand; TMB, tumor mutation burden; dMMR, MMR deficiency; ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA; bTMB, blood tumor mutation burden; TCR, T-cell receptor.