Table 1.

Various in vivo studies regarding the effectiveness of L. fermentum

Study	Finding
The effect of L. fermentum in animal models of ethanol-induced liver disease	Considerable decrease in ethanol-induced liver tissue damage [14, 15].
The effect of L. fermentum on hypercholesterolemia	Amelioration of hypercholesterolemia by the probiotic’s antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory effect, and gut barrier function [16, 17].
The effect of L. fermentum on colitis	Effective reduction of the symptoms of colitis in mice through different mechanisms, such as modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and ameliorating the inflammation and/or antioxidant properties [18–20].
The effect of L. fermentum on sleep disturbance	Efficient amelioration of sleep disturbance produced by the first night effect (FNE) and promotion of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in mice [21].
The effect of L. fermentum on Helicobacter. Pylori	Inhibition of the Helicobacter pylori colonization [22].
The effect of L. fermentum following local administration on vaginal infection	The antimicrobial preventative as well as curative effects against Escherichia coli [23].
The effect of L. fermentum on colorectal cancer	Attenuation of the risk of colorectal cancer [24, 25].
The effect of L. fermentum on aging	Potential decrease of aging symptoms in rats and mice via its various properties, such as antioxidant effects [26, 27].
The effect of L. fermentum on renal damage in a systemic lupus erythematosus mouse model	Prevention of the impairment of kidney function and damage through various mechanisms such as reducing blood lipopolysaccharides, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as immune complex deposition [28].