Table 2.

Kidney histopathological changes at the end of Day 28 in different mice groups

Changes	Group 1 Control mice	Group 2 Cisplatin-induced CKD group	Group 3 Cisplatin-induced CKD mice group receiving L. fermentum probiotic bacteria	Group 4 Cisplatin-induced CKD mice group receiving L. fermentum postbiotic
Glomerular atrophy	No noticeable change	No noticeable change	No noticeable change	No noticeable change
Tubular atrophy	No noticeable change	19%	13%	1%
Interstitial nephritis	No noticeablechange	10%	10%	1%
Vascular changes	No noticeable change	No noticeable change	No noticeable change	No noticeable change