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. 2023 Jul 17;21:226. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-01985-1

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© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — miR-320a-3p effectively protected against MAC in vivo and its related biochemical indicators. (a) Experimental design of the VD-induced vascular calcification mouse model treated with PBS, CT-Exo + AntagomiR-NC or CT-Exo + AntagomiR-320a-3p by intravenous injection (n = 6 per group). ARS staining and quantitation (b, c) and vascular calcium content measurement (d). The black scale bar is 200 μm. Serum BUN (e), CREA (f), calcium (g) and phosphate (h) levels in mice with VD-induced vascular calcification (n = 6). (i) Experimental design of the VD-induced vascular calcification mouse model treated with PBS, AgomiR-NC or AgomiR-320a-3p by intravenous injection (n = 6). ARS staining and quantitation (j, k) and vascular calcium content measurement (l). RUNX2 expression in the thoracic aorta (m) and quantitation of positive staining area (n) are shown. The black scale bar is 200 μm and the blue scale bar is 50 μm. The PS group represents the control group with only β-GP treatment. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The data were analysed with one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni post hoc test. ns > 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001