Table 4.
Associations between PEARLS Factors Modelled Individually and Child Health
| Health outcomes | Maltreatment OR (95% CI)a |
Household challenges OR (95% CI)a |
Social context OR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|
| PROMISb | -2.29 (-3.14, -1.44) | -1.51 (-2.15, -0.87) | -2.32 (-3.30, -1.33) |
| Missed school days | 1.19 (0.91, 1.56) | 1.21 (0.98, 1.49) | 1.33 (0.97, 1.83) |
| ED visits | 0.85 (0.70, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) | 1.07 (0.86, 1.34) |
| Hospitalization | 0.61 (0.28, 1.32) | 1.06 (0.72, 1.57) | 0.62 (0.29, 1.34) |
| ADHD | 1.17 (0.89, 1.52) | 1.20 (0.98, 1.48) | 1.09 (0.77, 1.53) |
| BRIEF | 2.48 (1.75, 3.51) | 1.59 (1.26, 2.01) | 2.35 (1.64, 3.37) |
| Stomachaches | 1.38 (1.08, 1.78) | 1.31 (1.08, 1.59) | 1.45 (1.07, 1.96) |
| Headaches | 1.24 (0.94, 1.64) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.42) | 1.55 (1.10, 2.18) |
| Asthma | 1.07 (0.86, 1.33) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.37) | 1.21 (0.94, 1.57) |
| Rhinitis | 1.15 (0.93, 1.42) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.32) | 1.21 (0.95, 1.55) |
| Eczema | 1.24 (1.02, 1.52) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.27) | 1.49 (1.17, 1.89) |
| Obesity | 0.98 (0.79, 1.22) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) | 1.09 (0.84, 1.40) |
| Infections | 0.85 (0.70, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) |
| Somatic symptoms | 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.26) | 1.40 (1.05, 1.86) |
aModels adjusted for child’s age, sex, race/ethnicity, caregiver’s educational level, family income, and screening format. Race/ethnicity was categorized as Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or other; caregiver’s educational level was categorized as some high school or less, high school graduate, some college, college or greater; family income was dichotomized as <$25,000 vs. ≥ $25,000 annually based on the sample distribution and approximation of federal poverty level for a family of four
bResults are mean differences (95% CI)